Objective To master the condition of rodent population distribution, seasonal fluctuation, rodent density for different habitats, and to provide a basis for developing rodent control strategies. Methods The rodents density was investigated by night trapping. Two types of monitoring points were chosen in town, one in residential and the other in special industry. Two types of monitoring points chosen in village were the rural and outside. Results Totally 1 059 319 traps were placed, 1 009 744 were effective, and 18 929 rodents were captured in Liaoning province from 2006 to 2015, the average rodent density was 1.87%. The density of rodents was lower in city(1.15%) than village(2.69%), and the highest was outside the village(3.39%), followed by inside the village(1.97%), special industry(1.32%) and residential community(0.97%). The density of rodents inside the village, in special industry and residential community were decreased, but that outside the village increased. Rattus norvegicus was predominant species in Liaoning province. The rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased, the rodent constituent of Apodemus agrarius and Mus musculus increased, the rodent constituent of Cricetulus barabensis and Tscherskia triton remained stable. In different habitats, R. norvegicus was predominant species inside the village, in special industry and residential community, Ap. agrarius was predominant species outside the village. The rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased in all those different habitats, M. musculus increased, Ap. agrarius outside the village increased, C. hamster and T. triton remained stable. Conclusion The density of rodents totally deceased from 2006 to 2015, but increased in recent years. The density of rodents was lower in city than village, the prevention and control for rodent density should focus on the rural areas. In different habitats,the rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased, M. musculus increased, Ap. agrarius outside the village increased. According to their characteristics of different habitats, comprehensive prevention measures should be taken to reduce the rodent density, for the purpose of controlling rodent-borne diseases.