Objective To explore the infection status and the characteristics of distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi in the north mountainous area of Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for its prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 549 subjects were selected to carry out the seroepidemiological investigation from April to August of 2011, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test(ELISA) method was used to detect the scrub typhus IgG antibody. Meanwhile, in accordance with different geographical region, different age and different sex, the antibody level of the serum samples were made a comparison, and the survey questionnaire was carried out. Results A total of 549 serum samples were collected, the positive rate of scrub typhus IgG antibody was 9.47%. The positive rates of the male and female antibody were 11.06% (26/235)and 8.28%(26/314), respectively. The positive rate of scrub typhus IgG antibody in each monitoring point were Dachengzi 10.00%, Taishitun 9.33%, Xitiangezhuang 15.00%, Gubeikou town 5.00%, Shicheng town 8.08%, respectively. And there were no significant differences in antibody levels of human serum samples in different regions, age and sex groups(χ²=6.156, 6.307, 1.215, P=0.188, 0.177, 0.270). The survey found that only 8 persons knew of scrub typhus, 104 of them could recognize the chigger, and only 41 of them had an obvious chigger bite history. People knew scrub typhus through TV. Conclusion Orientia tsutsugamushi is in endemic in the north mountainous area of Beijing, and the distribution of the regions is wide. Natural foci of scrub typhus likely exist in the north mountainous area of Beijing; and the exposed populations lack of knowledge of scrub typhus and have high infection risk, so it is urgent to take the health education in rural area by various ways.