Objective Mosquito collection was carried out in Chengde of Hebei province to explore the effects of altitudes, habitat types and investigation methods for adults and larvae on mosquito species investigation,so as to provide reference for an efficient survey, and prevention and control mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods Research sites were selected within three habitat types in Chengde at different altitudes in July to August of 2015. Light-trapping method, mosquito habitat capture method for adults and the pipette method, scoop dipping method for larvae were used. The influencing factors were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results The mosquitoes that were collected in this study included Anopheles sinensis(45.12%), Culex pipiens pallens(27.44%), Armigeres subalbatus(11.03%), Aedes koreicus(6.90%), Cx. vegans(6.23%), Ae. vexans(2.44%), An. messese(0.42%), and Ae. chemulpoensis(0.42%). Anopheles messese was a new record in Hebei province. The influencing factors of mosquito species investigation included altitudes, habitat types and investigation methods for adults and larvae. With the reference category of Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. vegans, An. sinensis, Ae. koreicus, and Ae. vexans had a higher appearing rate at high altitude, and to the contrary with Ar. subalbatus. Anopheles sinensis, Ar. subalbatus, and Ae. koreicus had a higher appearing rate in breeding and growing areas, An. sinensis had a higher appearing rate in rural residential areas, and to the contrary with Ae. koreicus. Culex vegans, Ar. subalbatus, Ae. chemulpoensis, and Ae. koreicus had a higher capture rate with investigation methods for larvae. Conclusion The population and density of An. sinensis at high altitude areas, and the breeding and growing areas and rural residential areas in Chengde should be particularly concerned. Appropriate mosquito-control measures should be taken at areas likely to appear An. sinensis, so as to prevent and control malaria and other infectious diseases by vector mosquitoes.