Objective To analyze the possibility of the existence of plague in Panzhihua city, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of plague in the future. Methods The cage/clip capture method was used to catch animals and collected fleas off the animals were identified. Yersinia pestis in specimens was isolated and identified. The indirect hemagglutination test and colloidal gold test were used to detect Y. pestis F1 antigen/antibody as indication of plague in animals. Results Captured 192 rodents belonged to 3 orders, 3 families, 10 species, capture rate was 4.14% , Mus musculus was the predominant species, accounting for 48.96%; five kinds of animals, 25 individuals, harbored fleas(5 families, 5 genera, and 6 species), flea infestation rate was 13.02% and flea index was 0.37. Xenopsylla cheopis was the predominant species(98.46%)indoors, but Monopsyllus anisus outdoors 83.33%(5/6). In total 283 indicator animal serum samples, 28 from dogs, 2 from cats and 1 from pig, were collected and 31 tested positive, the positive rate was 10.95%. Retrospective study showed meager possibility of plague outbreak. The most(96.77%)indicating animals(seropositive) were locally raised, and 83.87% was captive. Conclusion The enzootic transmission and risk of outbreak do exist in Panzhihua city when one considers the geographical landscape, host animals and vector insects, as well as the similarities to the neighboring Yunnan Yulong plague loci, doubled with seropositive in host animals.