Objective In order to provide a foundation for the formulation of botanical rodenticide, we compared the effect of different concentrations of ricin extracts of castor beans mixed in rabbit chow on the reproductive function of the mice. Methods Healthy mature male and female mice were fed with rabbit chow that was mixed with extracts of castor beans. The palatability, ovarian and testis organ coefficients were evaluated. Testicular and ovarian histological sections were produced, the latency of birth and number of offspring was compared after experimental and control groups were paired with sexually mature males and females. Results Compared with the control group, the palatability had no statistical significance to the experiment group (♂: t=1.360, P=0.227; ♀: t=1.170, P=0.449). The testis organ coefficient of the experimental group was 4.118×10^-3, the testis organ coefficient of the control group was 7.398×10^-3, the coefficient of the experiment group was reduced significantly reduced (t=2.740, P=0.013). The thickness of the germinal epithelium in the experimental group was (26.55±6.11) μm, the control group was (54.35±7.14) μm, the germinal epithelium was significantly thinner as compared with the control group (t=3.160, P=0.011). The latency of birth was (7.50±0.71) d and the number of offspring was (3.80±5.22) in the experimental group 1, the latency of birth was (10.00±0.00) d and the number of offspring was (0.40±0.89) in the experimental group 3. However, the latency of birth was (2.20±1.30) d and the number of offspring was (13.50±2.97) in the control group, the latency of birth was significantly delayed (Z=1.954, P=0.049; Z=3.485, P=0.002) and the number of offspring was significantly reduced(Z=2.550, P=0.011; Z=3.424, P=0.004) in experimental group 1 and 3. The female ovarian organ coefficient was 2.218×10^-3 in experimental group but 4.621×10^-3, in control group. The coefficient of the experiment group was significantly reduced (t=3.980, P=0.001). The luteal maximum cross-section of the experimental group was (12 347.50±2 359.28) μm², the control group was (19 625.47±6 612.40) μm², the difference was significant (t=2.750, P=0.013). The latency of birth was (12.00±0.00) d and the number of offspring was (1.80±4.02) in the experimental group 2, the latency of birth was significantly delayed (Z=4.485,P=0.001)and the number of offspring was significantly reduced (Z=2.703, P=0.007) in the experimental group 2.Conclusion The antifertility effect was the most profound and palatability was satisfactory for the mice when consuming the rabbit chow that was mixed with ricin extracts of castor beans. However, further studies are warranted to address the application of castor bean extract as environmentally friendly rodenticide on farmland and woodland.