Objective To understand the situation of people about the plague knowledge and analyze its influencing factors in Yushu after the earthquake, then to provide a reference for Yushu post?disaster plague control and prevention. Methods There were 294 persons consisting of students, cadres, pastoralists and migrant workers from 9 towns of Yushu who were extracted by the method of stratified cluster random sampling. Then the awareness situation of the population about plague was surveyed through the questionnaire and interview. Results The average rate of plague awareness of the respondents was 77.89% (229/294). The awareness rate of the sampled students was 93.81% (91/97), the awareness of the local pastoralists was 80.95% (51/63), the awareness of the local cadres was 74.55% (41/55), the awareness of the migrant workers was 58.23% (46/79). Multiple factors analysis displayed that the age, occupation, cultural level and the source region of the population is the influence factors to their plague awareness situation. Conclusion The plague awareness rate of the migrant workers for post?disaster reconstruction in Yushu is lowest, which increases the risk of plague long distance spread to the world. So the plague propaganda and education of the population for the post?disaster reconstruction in Yushu should be strengthened.