Objective To investigate the species, densities and carried pathogens of mosquitoes in surrounding areas of Beijing Capital International Airport during 2011 to 2014, and to provide a scientific basis for the control and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Seven monitoring stations within 2000 meters around Beijing Capital International Airport were included in this study. Carbon dioxide light traps were used to capture mosquitoes according to GB/T 23797-2009. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed with mosquito monitoring data of density and carried pathogen from 2011 to 2014 in surrounding areas of Beijing Capital International Airport. Results A total of 126 212 adult mosquitoes were captured within the 4 years of investigation. Culex pipiens pallens was the predominant mosquito species (accounting for 85.59% of all captured mosquitoes), followed by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (13.95%), Anopheles sinensis (0.28%), Aedes albopictus (0.18%). The annual average density indices of mosquitoes in the 4 years were 40.74, 45.18, 28.76 and 37.80 mosquitoes per light-hour, respectively. The monthly average densities were ranged from 0.29 to 113.38 mosquitoes per light-hour. The peak of adult mosquito density appeared from June to September, and that about Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were June and September, that about Ae. albopictus and An. sinensis were all August. The annual average density indices of mosquitoes were ranged from 4.93 to 146.17 mosquitoes per light-hour in seven monitoring stations. The density for Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis were the highest at the riverside, for Ae. albopictus that was the highest in central Airport. There were no mosquitoes that carried pathogens of malaria, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis. Conclusion The density indices of mosquitoes were high in surrounding areas of Beijing Capital International Airport. Mosquitoes mainly inhabited outdoor environments such as riverside. The activity peak period of mosquitoes was between June to September. Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the predominant species. The risks on spread indigenous malaria and dengue fever were low.