Objective To get epidemiological data on plague hosts and vectors in the history of plague epidemic in Zhejiang province, and providing scientific basis for the prevention and control in the province. Methods The rodents were captured in the 20 surveillance sites in the province by trapping, then calculated the rodent density, flea index, flea infected rates, SPSS 17.0 software was applied for statistical analysis of the data; The animal livers and spleens were collected for Yersinia pestis culture and used for indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) detection F1 antibody of Y. pestis. Results The average indoor and outdoor rodent was 4.19% and 4.47%, there is a considerable difference between the rat density in different regions. The capture was 50 680 rodents, belong to 3 orders, 5 families, 9 genera and 16 species (Subfamily). There were 32 482 rodents and 1062 that were processed. Average flea infected rate was 3.27%, the flea infected rate were different among species, with statistical significance (χ²=3723.567, P=0.000). The fleas are 7 species from 3 genera and 3 families, among different areas there were significant differences (F=5.659, P=0.000). No plague were cultured or detected in 46 881 rodent samples and 49 327 serum samples. Conclusion The composition of plague hosts and vectors is stable, no mouse and human plague epidemic, however plague surveillance standardize should strengthen to be prepared for emergency and plague resurgence.