Objective To understand the plague hosts and flea populations and plague pathogen Yersinia pestis, and to provide baseline information for the prevention and control of plague in coastal area in southern Zhejiang. Methods There were 6 plague monitor sites in coastal area in Wenzhou to understand the population structure of host animals and flea vectors from 2010 to 2012. Results There were 3 orders, 4 families, 10 genus and 13 species plague host animals found in this area. Among the host animals, Suncus murinus accounted for 41.03%, Rattus norvegicus for 35.02%, and R. tanezumi for 13.30%. The mean host animal densities were 8.96% indoor and 7.31% outdoor. There were significant differences for host animal densities at six monitoring sites and among different years. The mean flea-carrying rate of rodents was 4.63%, and the total flea index of rodents was 0.134. The dominant species of rat fleas was Leptopsylla segnis, accounted for 73.55%. The samples for host animals were negative for F1 antibody and pathogens. Conclusion The population densities and species composition of host animals and vectors were very rich, it is important to strengthen surveillance of the host animals and vectors of plague, to enhance prophylaxis and treatment of plague and to prevent the local plague outbreak caused by imported cases.