Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and to assess its periodic prevention and control effects in Baoji, Shaanxi province, from 2005 to 2013, and to provide reference data for further developing prevention strategies. Methods An epidemiological analysis was performed on HFRS patients throughout the city from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2013. The cumulative vaccination rate for HFRS was calculated. Results There were 2233 cases of HFRS reported in Baoji during 2005-2013, including 15 deaths. The average annual reported incidence of HFRS was 4.22/100 000, and 2012 was identified as a high-incidence year. Among the HFRS patients, the male-to-female ratio was 3.02:1, and most were 40-59-year-old peasants. Peak season lasted from October to January in the next year, and a small prevalence peak occurred in the summer harvest season. The age composition of HFRS onset shifted towards an older age, with an increasing proportion of those older than 60 years. The density of rodents at the monitoring points fluctuated between 0.24% and 15.17%. The cumulative vaccination rate with bivalent HFRS vaccine in the whole city was 82.49%. Conclusion Baoji has achieved significant effects in prevention and control of HFRS. However, the increasing proportion of HFRS patients towards an older age prompts a new challenge for prevention and control of this disease in the city.