Objective To study the predatory capacity of Culex fuscanus on Aedes albopictus and the relevant influencing factors. Methods Culex fuscanus and Ae. albopictus larvae were collected in the field. Densities of Cx. fuscanus and Ae. albopictus larvae were recorded and the relationship between densities and the predatory capacity of Cx. fuscanus was studied. The surviving status of Ae. albopictus at different temperature and in water inhabited by Cx. fuscanus was investigated. Results When the density of prey fell in a certain range [under 25 Ae. albopictus larvae/(Cx. fuscanus larva·d)], the daily predation by Cx. fuscanus larvae was positively correlated with the density of Ae. albopictus (R=0.942, P<0.01), and the highest number of caught Ae. albopictus larvae was 55.86, as calculated by the Holling's disc equation. When the density of prey remained consistent, the daily predation by Cx. fuscanus larvae was negatively correlated with the density of its own (R=-0.943, P<0.01). Cx. fuscanus larvae could change the quality of water to reduce the survival rate of Ae. albopictus larvae (χ²=8.661, P=0.002). Significant difference in high temperature tolerance was observed between Ae. albopictus and Ae. albopictus larvae (t=7.365, P<0.01). Conclusion The biological control capability of Cx. fuscanus on Ae. albopictus is affected by many factors including temperature and densities of Ae. albopictus and Cx. fuscanus. Further studies are needed to evaluate the actual field efficacy of biological control. Predation of Ae. albopictus by Cx. fuscanus can be used as an attempt of biological control.