Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the population distribution and virus-carrying status of the hosts in Zhejiang province, China, in 2013, and to provide scientific evidences for establishing further prevention and control measures. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the three-dimensional (time, region, and population) distribution of HFRS. Rodents were captured by night trapping in five HFRS monitoring points in Zhejiang province. Lung and serum samples were collected followed by detection of hantavirus antigen and antibody using an immunofluorescence assay, and the rodent population distribution and virus-carrying status in Zhejiang province were analyzed. Results A total of 527 HFRS cases were reported in 2013 in Zhejiang province. The incidence rate was 0.9622/100 000, resulting in a 3.89% increase compared with 2012, and no death was reported. The cases were mostly seen in five cities (Ningbo, Taizhou, Shaoxing, Quzhou and Lishui), and all the prefectural level cities had cases reported except Zhoushan. There were two peaks of incidence, one in spring (May-June) and the other in winter (around December). The high-risk age group of HFRS was between 20 and 65 years, accounting for 93.17% of the overall incidence rate (491/527). A total of 13 785 effective traps were set in the five monitoring points, and 546 rodents were captured, so the average density of rodents was 3.96%. A total of 678 rodent serum samples were collected and 80 were positive (positive rate: 11.80%). A total of 669 lung samples were collected and 44 were positive (positive rate: 6.58%). There were significant differences in the positive rate of HFRS antibody and the virus-carrying rate between the five HFRS monitoring points (χ²=30.962, P<0.05 and χ²=9.83, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion The incidence of HFRS in Zhejiang province in 2013 is on a rising trend compared with that in 2012, and the density of host animals and virus-carrying rate are both higher. Preventive measures should be taken into consideration to control the epidemic situation.