Objective　To investigate the epidemic of plague in the past 10 years along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in future. Methods　The monitoring results and clinical data for the human plague epidemic along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2003 to 2013 were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results　The emergence of plague in both animals and humans mainly occurred in the areas of Geermu (Tanggulashan Township), Tianjun, and Wulan in the Qinghai section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2003 to 2013. Sixty-nine strains of Yersinia pestis and 86 sera with positive F1 antibody were detected in these areas; 7 cases of human plague occurred, and 3 cases died. Conclusion　Serious epidemic of plague remains in the Qinghai section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Frequent occurrence of plague between animals and sporadic human plague epidemic are mainly related to illegal marmot hunting in these key areas.