Objective To analyze the density of cockroaches in Neijiang, Sichuan province China, from 2011 to 2013, to understand their population structure, distribution, and seasonal dynamics, and to provide a scientific basis for cockroach prevention and control. Methods Three monitoring stations were selected in the city and the measurement was carried out monthly in the mid-month from 2011 to 2013. The population density, distribution, and seasonal fluctuation of cockroaches were determined using the sticky trap method in farm produce markets, restaurants, hotels, hospitals, and residential areas. Results From 2011 to 2013, a total of 6480 pieces of sticky traps were placed and reclaimed, and 22 478 cockroaches were captured with an average density of 3.47 cockroaches/trap. Blattella germanica was predominant and constituted 98.09% of all captured cockroaches. The cockroach density showed a bimodal seasonal fluctuation with peaks in April and July. Among all the habitats, the highest density was 9.68 cockroaches/trap found in the farm produce markets. Conclusion The predominant species of cockroaches in Neijiang is B. germanica. Cockroaches are widespread and the farm produce markets are the most important habitats of cockroaches. The comprehensive improvement of the market environment should be enhanced to effectively control the density of cockroaches.