Objective　To investigate the awareness rate of rodent control, deratization willingness, and source of related knowledge among community residents in Wuhan, China, to launch various forms of intervention activities and search for effective models and methods for promoting rodent control awareness in community and to evaluate the effect, and to provide a basis for the development of appropriate community-based rodent control measures. Methods　Four neighborhoods were selected from Jiang’an and Jianghan districts of Wuhan. With a stratified cluster sampling method, one or two communities were selected from each neighborhood. All of the 7 communities were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. KAP questionnaire survey was performed among community residents aged 18 and above. Results　The satisfaction rate for rodent control in 2011 was 90.0% among experimental communities, which was significantly higher than that in control communities (29.2%) (χ2＝ 109.601, P＜0.01). Among residents in experimental communities, 15% found rodents in their house, while in control communities the percentage was 59.4%. The awareness rate of rodent control and related information was significantly higher in experimental communities than in control communities (P＜0.05). For the questionnaire, differences in awareness rates between the two groups were significant in most items, but not so significant in others. Of residents in all communities, 78.8% were willing to spend less than 5 yuan on rodenticides and traps, while 47.5% would reject rodent prevention service even for free. Conclusion　Long-term targeted promotion and education in multiple ways are needed in rodent control among communities. This survey will provide effective guidance for future rodent control in Wuhan.