Objective　To evaluate the risks and challenges in vector control that the 26th Shenzhen Universiade in 2011 was faced with, and to establish effective control measures and guarantee strategies for protecting the Universiade from vector-borne diseases. Methods　The population distribution, density fluctuation, and hazard level of vectors over recent years in Shenzhen were analyzed. Based on the density fluctuation of vectors and the surveillance results of etiology and insecticide resistance in Universiade venues and the surrounding areas from 2009 to 2011, the hazards of insect-borne diseases and the potential nuisance of vectors were assessed. Control measures and guarantee strategies were also established. Results　During Shenzhen Universiade, there was potential risk of insect-borne diseases and potential nuisance of vectors. Major strategies in the control of vectors during the 26th Shenzhen Universiade included perfect management system, emergency response plan to insect-borne diseases, technology implementation plan, population density surveillance and risk assessment, rational administration, emergency drilling, total staff training, and set-up of the expert advisory committee. Implementation of these strategies secured the 26th Shenzhen Universiade against vector-borne diseases. Conclusion　There were no vector-borne biological hazards or nuisance during the 26th Shenzhen Universiade, which laid a solid foundation for public health protection, particularly the control of vectors, in the future large-scale activities.