Objective　To determine the fauna, population density, seasonality, and adverse impact of major vectors in the coastal areas of Jiangsu province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of vector-borne diseases in Jiangsu coastal areas. Methods　Six coastal counties/cities from Jiangsu province were chosen for surveillance of vectors, and cases of vector-borne diseases in the coastal areas in 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results　The mean population densities of mosquitoes, flies, rats, and cockroaches in the study areas of Jiangsu province were 1.22 per light-hour, 19.78 per cage, 2.07%, and 0.33 per net, respectively, during June 2002 to 2013. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), scrub typhus, and malaria were the most prevalent diseases in the coastal areas of Jiangsu. The incidence rates of the three diseases in 2013 (1.09/100 000, 1.53/100 000, and 0.76/100 000) were all higher than the average levels in Jiangsu province during the same period. Conclusion　The climate and habitat changes in Jiangsu coastal areas may have significant influence on vectors and vector-borne diseases. We need to strengthen publicity and education of HFRS, scrub typhus, and malaria, promote vaccination, and develop pest control in coastal areas. The above measures can effectively reduce the incidence of vector-borne diseases.