Objective To investigate the species of vectors and their seasonal fluctuation in Shenzhen, China and to provide a scientific basis for controlling the vectors in Shenzhen. Methods Surveillance sites were set according to the “National Plan for the Surveillance of Biological Vector (Trial)”. The squirrel?cage method, mosquito lamp method, cage trap method, and sticky trap method were used to determine the species and population densities of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches. Results The average rodent population density was 3.21%, and increase of 154.76% as compared with the value in 2011; the total flea index was 0.85, a decrease of 24.00% as compared with the value in 2011; As the dominant species, Rattus norvegicus accounted for 86.64% of all captured rodents. The average mosquito population density was 11.52 mosquitoes/lamp, decreasing by 30.77% as compared with the value in 2011; As the dominant species, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus accounted for 97.61% of all captured mosquitoes. The average fly population density was 11.06 flies/cage, increasing by 244.55% as compared with the value in 2011; As the dominant species, Chrysomya megacephala accounted for 46.47% of all captured flies. The average cockroach population density was 1.09 cockroaches/box, increasing by 4.81% as compared with the value in 2011, and the infestation rate was 14.41%; As the dominant species, Blattella germanica accounted for 96.02% of all captured cockroaches. The population density peaks of mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, and rodents appeared in April, May, September, and August, respectively. The rodent capture rate was above 1% in each month throughout the year. Conclusion The general information on common disease vectors in Shenzhen has been gathered, which provides baseline data for the development of effective vector control strategies.