Objective To survey the knowledge and behaviors about vector control among residents and their impact factors in Tianjin, China and to provide a basis for effective intervention strategy. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 630 residents who were selected from 18 districts or counties of Tianjin by simple random sampling. Results Of all residents surveyed, 62.1% said that their residence had been infested with vectors; only 44.6% had the knowledge about vector control, and there were relatively few residents with the knowledge about control of mosquitoes and cockroaches. Age, career, and education level were significant impact factors for the knowledge about vector control in Tianjin residents (P＜0.05); the proportion of participants with knowledge about vector control increased as the age (OR＝2.417) and education level (OR＝1.764) increased, and it was higher in officials than in farmers (OR＝2.374). The residents knew little about vector control strategy; only 31.5% of the participants thought integrated vector management based on breeding source management was the key to preventing vector infestation in urban areas. Only 5.3% of the participants were willing to hire PCO professionals for pest control after finding vector infestation. The main approach to gaining knowledge about vector control was radio or television (37.7%), and few residents gained the knowledge through health education in the community (19.7%). Conclusion The knowledge about vector control among the residents in Tianjin is insufficient, and their behaviors conducive to vector breeding source creation need to be adjusted. The health education about vector?borne diseases and training on vector control need to be implemented among residents, especially farmers, retired people, young genetrations and those with an education level of junior high school or lower.