Objective To establish the relationship between mosquito fauna as well as population densities and land use for providing reference for the early warning and surveillance of mosquitoes using 3S technology. Methods From March to December in 2010-2011, a sampling was conducted on the mosquito communities in the construction land, rural land, wetland, forest land, and farmland in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, China. The surface objects of construction land, farm land, green land, wetland, static water body, and livestock in the 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 m buffer areas of each study site were analyzed by 3S technology (Remote Sensing, Geography Information Systems, and Global Positioning Systems). The relationship between mosquito communities and land use was determined by redundancy analysis (RDA) using Canoco 4.53. Results The Monte Carlo permutation test confirmed the statistical significance of the relationship between mosquitoes and environment variables determined by RDA (axisⅠ: F=42.198, P=0.002; total axis: F=17.616, P=0.002). The sum of all canonical eigenvalues was the highest (0.889) for the mosquito communities and the land use in the 250 m buffer area of study site. The forward selection analysis showed that mosquito communities were significantly correlated with the construction land, livestock, farm land, green land, and wetland (P<0.01), but had no significant correlation with the static water body (P>0.05). The RDA biplot showed that Culex pipiens pallens was significantly positively correlated with the wetland, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles sinensis, and Armigeres subalbatus were significantly positively correlated with the livestock (>farm land), Ar. subalbatus was significantly positively correlated with the farm land (>livestock), and Aedes albopictus was significantly positively correlated with the construction land. Conclusion Predominant mosquito species have significant correlation with land use features, and 3S technology can be used for the early warning and surveillance of dominant mosquito species at the target areas. In Wuxi, the land use is significantly associated with specific mosquito communities, which should be taken into consideration in formulating strategies and practices for mosquito management.