Objective To monitor plague host animals, its vectors and plague epidemic and to provide a scientific basis for timely detection, prevention and control of plague epidemic. Methods Live rats were captured with cage traps in the daytime and were then taxonomically identified. The liver, spleen, and serum samples were collected from the rats for isolation of plague bacteria and detection of F1 antibody. The animals with unexplained death were searched for, and epidemic surveillance was conducted. Results TThe dominant species of house rats were Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi, and the dominant species of field rats was Apodemus agrarius. The mean rodent densities were 3.19% indoor and 2.82% outdoors. The mean flea-carrying rate of rodents was 1.89%, and the total flea index of rodents was 0.0493. The dominant species of rat fleas was Leptopsylla segnis. The samples from live rats were negative for F1 antibody and pathogens. Plague cases were not found althouth large numbers of animals with unexplained death. Conclusion The species compositions of plague hosts and vectors in historical epidemic areas remain stable with low densities, and plague epidemic has not been found. However, plague surveillance should still be performed for timely detection of abnormal signals and prevention of human cases.