Abstract: Objective To monitor five common pathogens carried by small mammals in key areas of Chongqing, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of local rodent-borne diseases.Methods From 2021 to 2022, small mammals were collected using cage traps at night at three surveillance sites in the central urban area, Wanzhou District, and Fuling District of Chongqing. The liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues were collected to extract nucleic acids for detection of Leptospira interrogans, Rickettsia mooseri, and Bartonella by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) as well as Hantavirus and Dabie bandavirus by reverse transcription qPCR. Excel 2010 was used to sort and arrange the data. The SPSS 22.0 software performed statistical analysis on the experimental data. The species composition ratio and pathogen infection rate of rodents were compared by the Chi-squared test.Results A total of 1 188 small mammals were collected, among which Rattus norvegicus accounted for 33.50%, R. tanezumi accounted for 26.77%, Anourosorex squamipes accounted for 26.01%, and Mus musculus accounted for 9.85%, in addition to Leopoldamys edwardsi, R. nitidus, N. confucianus, Apodemus agrarius, and Crocidura attenuata, with a total of nine species. There was a significant difference in the species composition of small mammals between different surveillance sites (χ²=714.786, P<0.001). Four samples were positive for Seoul Hantavirus, 24 for L. interrogans, and 8 for Bartonella; the remaining samples were negative. A total of 33 small mammals were found positive, including 2 R. tanezumi and 1 R. norvegicus carrying both L. interrogns and Seoul Hantavirus. The overall infection rate was 2.78% for all pathogens, 0.34% for Hantavirus, 2.02% for L. interrogans, and 0.67% for Bartonella. There was a significant difference in the infection rates of the three pathogens (χ²=18.857, P<0.001).Conclusions L. interrogans, Bartonella, and Hantavirus were detected in small mammals in Chongqing. These pathogens were most frequently found in R. norvegicus, R tanezumi, and A. squamipes, which were mainly distributed in the key industries of urban Chongqing and the rural residential areas of Wanzhou District, and the authorities of these places should pay more attention to the spread and control of rodent-borne diseases.

Key words: Small mammal, Rodent-borne pathogens, Hantavirus, Leptospira interrogans, Bartonella

摘要： 目的监测重庆市重点地区小型兽类携带5种常见鼠媒病原体的流行情况,为指导当地鼠源疾病的防控提供科学依据。方法2021－2022年,在重庆市中心城区、万州区、涪陵区3个监测点使用笼夜法捕捉小型兽类,提取其肝、脾、肺、肾组织的核酸样本,采用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）检测问号钩端螺旋体（钩体）、莫氏立克次体、巴尔通体,反转录实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）方法检测汉坦病毒及大别班达病毒。运用Excel 2010软件进行数据汇总和整理,SPSS 22.0软件对实验数据进行统计分析,种群构成比、病原体携带率的比较采用χ²检验进行统计分析。结果共捕获小型兽类9种1 188只,其中褐家鼠最多,占比为33.50%,黄胸鼠占比为26.77%,四川短尾鼩占比26.01%,小家鼠占比为9.85%,其余还捕获小泡巨鼠、大足鼠、北社鼠、黑线姬鼠、灰麝鼩,不同监测点的小型兽类种类构成差异有统计学意义（χ²=714.786,P<0.001）。所有检测样本中,发现汉城型汉坦病毒阳性4份（只）,问号钩体阳性24份（只）,巴尔通体阳性8份（只）,其余均为阴性。共发现33只小型兽类呈阳性,其中2只黄胸鼠、1只褐家鼠同时携带问号钩体和汉城型汉坦病毒,病原体总体携带率为2.78%,其中汉坦病毒总携带率为0.34%,问号钩体总携带率为2.02%,巴尔通体总携带率为0.67%,3种病原体的携带率差异有统计学意义（χ²=18.857,P<0.001）。结论重庆地区小型兽类中监测到问号钩体、巴尔通体和汉坦病毒,检出阳性较多的小型兽类为褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和四川短尾鼩,主要分布于重庆城区的重点行业和万州区的农村居民区,当地应对鼠源疾病流行及防控予以重点关注。

关键词: 小型兽类, 鼠传病原体, 汉坦病毒, 问号钩端螺旋体, 巴尔通体