Research progress on the regulation of mosquito-borne virus transmission by mosquito salivary proteins

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.06.001

Abstract

Abstract: Mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) are the viruses mainly transmitted by mosquito bites. They are diverse and belong to various virus families. MBV infections are widely prevalent in many countries and regions around the world, posing great harms to public health and social economic development. When mosquitoes bite mammals, they not only inoculate the viruses locally in the skin, but also release many salivary components with significant biological activity, among which the most abundant and functional ones are salivary proteins. There are more than 100 types of proteins in mosquito saliva. These salivary proteins can not only inhibit blood coagulation and promote blood-sucking, but also significantly regulate the local and systemic immune and inflammatory reactions of mammalian hosts to regulate the transmission of MBVs to the hosts. This paper reviews the regulatory effect of mosquito salivary proteins on the immune system of mammalian hosts and MBV transmission, points out the scientific problems to be solved in the future, and finally introduces the current status and challenges of research on MBV blocking vaccines that target mosquito salivary proteins.

Key words: Mosquito, Salivary protein, Host, Immune response, Virus transmission

摘要： 蚊媒病毒是一类主要由蚊虫叮咬传播的病毒，种类繁多，来自多个病毒科。蚊媒病毒病广泛流行于全球多个国家和地区，给人类健康和社会经济发展造成重大危害。蚊虫在叮咬哺乳动物时，除在皮肤局部接种病毒外，还会释放许多具有显著生物活性的唾液成分，其中种类最丰富、功能最重要的就是蚊虫唾液蛋白。蚊虫唾液中的蛋白有100余种，这些唾液蛋白不仅能够抑制血液凝固从而促进吸血，同时还能显著调节哺乳动物皮肤局部以及全身的免疫和炎症反应，进而调节蚊媒病毒向宿主的传播过程。该文综述了媒介蚊虫唾液蛋白对哺乳动物宿主免疫系统的调节作用及其对蚊媒病毒传播的影响，并指出未来亟需解决的科学问题，最后介绍了基于媒介蚊虫唾液蛋白的病毒阻断疫苗的研发现状及挑战。

关键词: 蚊虫, 唾液蛋白, 宿主, 免疫反应, 病毒传播

CLC Number:

WANG Zhao-yang, CHEN Xiao-fang, CHENG Gong. Research progress on the regulation of mosquito-borne virus transmission by mosquito salivary proteins[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2021, 32(6): 653-659.

王朝阳, 陈小芳, 程功. 媒介蚊虫唾液蛋白调控蚊媒病毒传播的研究进展[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(6): 653-659.

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