Abstract:

Objective The objective of this study was to elucidate the distribution of serovars of Salmonella isolates and their drug resistant profile in reptiles of close contact with human, to highlight the potential transmission risk of Salmonella from animal to human. Methods Salmonella was isolated from stool samples from pets and reptiles kept in market, zoo and breeding base, and identified by biochemical tests and serotyped by serum agglutination reaction. The susceptibility of all Salmonella isolates to fourteen antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method and data was analyzed by Whonet 5.3 software. Results The overall prevalence was 30.7% and a total of 28 serotypes were detected. Thirteen serotypes of the total belonged to well-known human pathogenic serovars; the top 4 serotypes among reptiles were S. Stanley, S. Thompson, S. Westafrica and S. Typhimurium. Different distribution of serotypes among different animal sources was observed. The serotype of S. Pomona which ever caused multistate outbreak was isolated from pet-turtles. All isolates were susceptible to fluroquinolone and have a little lower susceptibility to the third and fourth generation cephalosporin. The lowest susceptibility was found to tetracycline and streptomycin. Twenty- nine isolates were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics and four produced extended spectrum beta-lactamase. Conclusion High proportion of healthy reptiles shed Salmonella and therefore act as a potential zoonotic threat in the spread of Salmonella in the environment. Our results highlight the need for strengthening the management of pet market and the surveillance of pathogens carried by pet reptiles to avoid the outbreaks caused by Salmonella in human from animal.

Key words: Salmonella, Reptile, Serotype, Antimicrobial susceptibility

摘要：

目的 了解目前与人类关系密切的主要爬行动物中存在的沙门菌血清型及其耐药性,分析其引起人类感染的潜在危险性。方法 从广西壮族自治区(广西)主要花鸟市场、繁殖基地及动物园用作宠物的动物及供观赏动物采集其粪便,进行沙门菌分离培养、生化鉴定及血清凝集反应鉴定血清型。采用KB纸片法检测菌株对常用14种抗菌药物的耐药性。利用Whonet 5.3软件进行药敏实验数据分析。结果 动物粪便中沙门菌检出率为30.7%,共检出28种沙门菌血清型,其中13种与人源沙门菌感染血清型一致。前4位沙门菌血清型依次为斯坦利沙门菌、汤卜逊沙门菌、西非沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌,且不同动物来源菌株血清型分布不同。另外,在宠物龟中分离到人类暴发相关的波摩那和浦那沙门菌。药物敏感性实验显示,所有菌株对氟喹诺酮类药物全部敏感,对四代及三代头孢菌素的敏感性次之,对四环素、链霉素敏感率最低。发现29株多重耐药菌株,其中4株为产ESBLs菌株。结论 由于动物携带人感染沙门菌血清型比例较高,提示动物对沙门菌在环境中的播散可能起到一定作用。应加强宠物市场动物特别是宠物龟携带沙门菌的监测,加强宠物管理,避免在人群中引起暴发流行。

关键词: 沙门菌, 爬行动物, 血清型, 抗生素敏感性