Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control 2017 Vol.28

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Investigation of chigger mites and infection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in small mammals in Qing'an county
LI Gui-chang, LI Xin-ying, LIU Jing, LIU Hai-jun, LIU Jing-li, LI Dong-mei, LU Liang, SHI Qiang, FU Xiu-ping, LIU Qi-yong
Abstract377)      PDF (459KB)(1025)      

Objective To investigate rodents, chigger mites and Orientia tsutsugamushi on mountains and plain in Qing' an county. Methods Small mammals were trapped by snap traps in September, 2013. Rodents and their ectoparasites were collected and identified morphologically. Then the rodents were dissected under sterile conditions. DNA was extracted from the spleens, nested-PCR was performed to amplify and sequence the 56 kD type-specific antigen gene of O. tsutsugamushi from all samples collected in this area. Results A total of 107 small vertebrates including 9 species were captured. Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species in outdoor rural settlements and farmland. While Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus were the predominant in indoor environment. Apodemus agrarius and Ap. peninsulae were the predominant species in forest areas. A total of 1 164 chigger mites were collected from small mammals, including Neotrombicula gardellai, Leptotrombidium orientalis, N. japonica, and L. subintermedium. Chigger mite index on M. rufocanus was highest (65.50), then T. triton (58.13), C. rutilus (22.86) and Eutamias sibiricus (24.00). No chigger mites were found in rural settlements and farmland far from forest. Orientia tsutsugamushi was detected from T. triton and Ap. peninsulae by nested-PCR. Conclusion The composition of the small mammals and chigger mites species is similar to those in the north of Northeast China. Orientia tsutsugamushi was firstly detected in rodents in the county. Therefore Qing' an is an new natural focus of scrub typhus and human infection should be investigated in the future.

2017, 28 (1): 1-3.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.001
Oviposition responses of Aedes albopictus to three plant infusions
LI Kai-li, GAO Jing-peng, CAO Jie, MA Ya-jun
Abstract295)      PDF (1189KB)(1075)      

Objective To evaluate the effect of different plant infusions on the oviposition behavior of female Aedes albopictus and analyze the chemical composition. Methods The plant infusions were made by soaking leaves of Oryza sativa, Bambusaceae and Cynodon dactylon in sterile water for different times. The oviposition preference of gravid Ae. albopictus to plant infusions was tested in laboratory and field. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) was used to detect the chemical compounds of the plant infusions. Results It was different oviposition response of Ae. albopictus laboratory colony to O. sativa, Bambusaceae and C. dactylon infusions. The average spawning rate and oviposition activity index(OAI) were 63.20%-80.20% and 0.26-0.60 in O. sativa infusion; 47.51%-86.34% and -0.05-0.76 in Bambusaceae infusion, respectively. There was no oviposition preference in C. dactylon infusions. The effect of oviposition preference was significant from 30 d(O. sativa) and 50 d(Bambusaceae)to 70 d of soaking time. The trend was that the longer soaking time, the better of attractancy effects. The infusions of O. sativa and Bambusaceae after 50 d soaking time were used to test in field. The average spawning rate and its OAI were 70.99%-96.17% and 69.52%-89.51%, 0.42-0.93 and 0.39-0.79 in O. sativa infusions and Bambusaceae infusions. The GC-MS results showed that O. sativa infusion contained 108 chemical compounds and Bambusaceae infusions with 97 compounds. Of them, there were 17 compounds whose relative percentage more than 3%. The 2, 4-bis(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-phenol and Benzaldehyde were included in all samples and had higher relative content. Conclusion The infusions of O. sativa and Bambusaceae leaf had significant effect on oviposition attractancy after soaking for certain period time,and the major chemical compounds were 2, 4-bis(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-phenol and Benzaldehyde.

2017, 28 (1): 4-8.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.002
Detection and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia in Aedes albopictus from different geographical populations
ZHANG Rui-ling, YAO Guang-qin, PAN Xiao-qian, ZHAO Ai-hua, MA De-zhen, ZHANG Zhong
Abstract318)      PDF (453KB)(933)      

Objective Investigate Wolbachia infection and diversity in Aedes albopictus from different populations of China,in order to provide baseline data for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Choosing Wolbachia surface protein gene(wsp) as reference. All wsp DNA sequences obtained through PCR and sequenced were used for comparison with those sequences downloaded from GenBank, to determine the states and types of Wolbachia that infected by Ae. albopictus. Results Eleven populations were infected with Wolbachia, which including wAlbA subgroup of A group, and wPip, wAlbB subgroup of B group. Additionally, samples from Taian and Yulin were found coinfected with A and B group. These results were further supported by phylogenetic analysis, which demonstrated that all wsp sequences were clustered into two clades, and two subclades in B group were corresponding with wPip and wAlbB. Conclusion Aedes albopictus of our country were mainly infected with wAlbA and wAlbB subgroups, which with high infect rate.

2017, 28 (1): 9-11.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.003
Frequency of alleles associated with insecticide resistance in a field housefly population from Beihai city, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
DING Yan, YANG Chan, LI Mei, FENG Xiang-yang, QIU Xing-hui
Abstract275)      PDF (470KB)(943)      

Objective To understand the current status of insecticide resistance of housefly in Beihai city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region by molecular tools. Methods The genotypes of three genes(CYP6D1, Vssc and ace) in a field population of housefly from Beihai city were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses, and corresponding frequencies for each genotype were recorded. Results In 63 houseflies collected from Beihai city, no homozygote for CYP6D1 resistant allele was detected, while the frequencies of susceptible homozygotes and heterozygotes were 96.83%(61/63) and 3.17%(2/63) respectively. No 1014H mutation of Vssc was observed in these samples, but 1014F mutation was present in heterozygotes in a low frequency of 6.35%(4/63). The frequency of 1014L/L(susceptible) homozygote was very high(59/63, 93.65%). In 38 individuals, we observed two ace genotypes, namely 342G/V and 342A/V, in frequencies of 5.26% and 94.74% respectively. Notably, the frequency of resistant alleles(342A and 342V) reached 97.37%. Conclusion The frequencies of resistant alleles of both CYP6D1 (1.59%) and Vssc(3.18%) were low, suggesting that pyrethroids can be used for housefly control in this area. In contrast, extremely high frequencies of resistant alleles of ace were detected in housefly samples from Beihai city, indicating that failure may occur if using organophosphates and carbamates for control of house flies in the sampling region.

2017, 28 (1): 12-15.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.004
Lethal activity of propylene glycol alginate against Haemaphysalis longicornis larvae
WU Yu-yan, LING Feng, CHEN Zhi-ping, LIN Jun-fen, SHANG Xiao-peng, HOU Juan, GUO Song, WANG Jin-na, JIANG Jian-min
Abstract313)      PDF (559KB)(868)      

Objective To explore the lethal activity of propylene glycol alginate(PGA)and its mixed liquor with beta-cypermethrin against Haemaphysalis longicornis larvae, the aim was to evaluate the potential activity of PGA on killing ticks. Methods Mixed liquor was made with the ratio between beta-cypermethrin and PGA 1:1, 1:2, 2:1. Experimental group includes these three mixed liquor, PGA and beta-cypermethrin while the control is pure water. Spray tick larvae on culture dishes with these liquor, and then observed the mortality of ticks in different time series. Results There was no significance at any time series between high dilution of beta-cypermethrin(1 000 mg/L) and low dilution of PGA(12 mg/L) (Mann-Whitney U=7, P=0.766), and between high dilution of beta-cypermethrin(250 mg/L) and low dilution of PGA (2.4 mg/L) (Mann-Whitney U=4, P=0.240). However, the early efficiency(0.5 h) of PGA was significantly lower than beta-cypermethrin(χ2=7.670, P=0.007). The efficiency at 24 h and 48 h were the same between PGA and beta-cypermethrin(χ2=3.453, P=0.063; χ2=3.560, P=0.059). The efficient of mixed liquor C(ratio between PGA and beta-cypermethrin was 1:2) was the best of all. Conclusion PGA could kill the long-horned qinghaiensis ticks larvae, but it was not quick effect. According to the result, the most efficient ratio between beta-cypermethrin and PGA was 2:1.

2017, 28 (1): 16-19.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.005
Study on biological characteristics of Rhipicephalus sanguineus under laboratory conditions
WU Jia-tong, ZHANG Yi, ZHANG Jing, ZHU Dan
Abstract393)      PDF (554KB)(1249)      

Objective To observe the biological characteristics of Rhipicephalus sanguineus under different laboratory conditions. Methods Rhipicephalus sanguineus were cultured at different temperature in the laboratory. The growth, development and oviposition were recorded. Results Rhipicephalus sanguineus can be preserved for long term under proper conditions, and complete a generation for about 87 d at 25℃. It cannot be preserved in the laboratory when the temperature is less than 15℃. According to the prediction of the binomial model, the developmental zero temperature is 12.7℃ and the developmental peak temperature is 28.5℃. Conclusion The biological characteristics of Rh. sanguineus have been obtained under laboratory conditions. It will provide reference for colonization and scientific experiments of Rh. sanguineus.

2017, 28 (1): 20-22.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.006
Research on the reproduction pattern of the Oncomelania snails from different endemic areas and density to water network regions
XU Hui-qing, ZHU Pei-hua, ZHU Qiu-rong, LUO Tian-bin, YU Meng-hua
Abstract303)      PDF (550KB)(844)      

Objective To study the survival and reproduction of mountain,water network and lake endemic areas and density Oncomelania in water network region, and to investigate the possibility of Oncomelania which come from mountain and lake endemic areas imported to water network areas, provided scientific basics for the prevention and control of imported Oncomelania snails. Methods The experimental field was located in a water network endemic area at Xiuzhou district of Jiaxing city, Zhejiang province. The experimental field was divided into three group and located in Xiuzhou district of Jiaxing city. The snails were collected from Jinhua city of Zhejiang province(mountain endemic area), Xiuzhou district of Zhejiang province(water network endemic area)and Guichi of Anhui province(lake endemic area)which were divided into 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 40 snails each cage in low density groups, and 80, 100, 150, 200, 400, 800 snails each cage in high density groups. The snails were paired with female and male in low density groups and random grouped in high density groups. The reproduction situation was observed one year later. Results The survival rates of Oncomelania snails from mountain, water network and lake endemic areas were 17.45%, 4.95%, and 7.47%, and were 48.33%, 35.56%, and 34.44% in low density groups and were 15.84%, 3.35%, and 6.07% in high density groups,respectively. The reproduction rates of Oncomelania snails from mountain, water network and lake endemic areas were 1.99, 3.10, and 1.95, and were 14.48, 24.81, and 11.42 in low density groups and were 1.34, 1.97, and 1.46 in high density groups, respectively. The differences of survival and reproduction rates of Oncomelania snails between low and high density groups in different endemic areas were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The Oncomelania snails coming from different endemic areas could survive and reproduce in the water network regions,and there were negative correlation between survival and reproduction rates and snails density.

2017, 28 (1): 23-26.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.007
A method of obtaining high quality DNA templates from tiny thick-chitin arthropods without damaging morphology of the voucher specimens
SHAN Zhen-ju, QIU De-yi, YUE Qiao-yun
Abstract339)      PDF (1107KB)(936)      

Objective In order to establish a method of obtaining high quality DNA templates from tiny thick-chitin arthropods without grinding or damaging morphology of the voucher specimens. Methods Tiny soil oribatid mites with thick-chitin were used as research materials. We used chitinase to digest the external chitin skeleton first,after the digestion,the individuals were treated with lysate. Amplification efficiency of the DNA barcodes were used as the indicator for DNA template quality. Working concentration and condition of chitinase were optimized. Morphology of the samples treated with or without the chitinase were compared. Results High quality DNA template could be obtained with the method we established,working concentration of chitinase was optimized to 1 mg/ml, and working time was optimized to 24 h. The morphology of oribatid mites treated with the chitinase has no obvious changes compared to the untreated ones, and could be used in the morphology species identification. Conclusion Chitinase is first applied to the digestion of chitin in the extraction of template DNA, high quality DNA could be obtained without damaging the morphological characteristics, after the extraction, the tiny arthropods could be mounted on the slides and kept as voucher specimen.

2017, 28 (1): 27-30.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.008
Research of the cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ gene polymorphisms for Rattus norvegicus in Jiangsu port
HU Shuang-shuang, WU Bing-yao, HE Jiang, LU Yong-chang, YANG Qing-gui, CHEN Feng, SUN Li-xin
Abstract295)      PDF (655KB)(983)      

Objective The cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ(COⅠ) gene polymorphisms for Rattus norvegicus, was studied to provide support for the species identification of rodents from frontier port. Methods The COⅠ gene of R. norvegicus was amplified, sequenced, aligned and compared with the information on GenBank to analyze genetic polymorphism and create phylogenetic tree for R. norvegicus. Results Forty-eight COⅠ gene sequences were obtained from R. norvegicus. In this research, 605 loci were measured in each sequence, there were 587 conservative loci and 18 mutation loci, the nucleotide differences number was (2.510 000±0.000 640) on average. All of R. norvegicus in Jiangsu port background only shared one haploid type, other R. norvegicus' nucleotide polymorphism was rich. Conclusion There are species differences of the R. norvegicus in different areas, this kind of difference is related to the geographical origin.

2017, 28 (1): 31-34.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.009
Effect of temperature on the development of Culex pipiens pallens
LI Ju-lin, ZHU Guo-ding, ZHOU Hua-yun, TANG Jian-xia, CAO Jun
Abstract408)      PDF (379KB)(993)      

Objective To observe the effect of different temperature on the different development stages and fecundity of Culex pipiens pallens thus to evaluate the transmission capacity during the epidemic season, in order to provide a theoretic foundation for mosquito control. Methods The changes at different development stages of mosquitoes(eggs, larvae, pupae) and gonotrophic cycle were observed at different temperatures at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40℃. The full developmental cycles were compared within different temperatures. Results All the stages of the mosquitoes were unable to grow at 40℃; the mosquitoes developed at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35℃, the development time were 80.87, 46.33, 31.07, 24.94, 17.11, and 14.41 d respectively. Conclusion The development time of Cx. pipiens pallens was shorter at higher temperatures. The optimal temperature for the mosquitoes to develop was between 25-30℃, higher or lower temperature suppressed the development of the mosquitoes.

2017, 28 (1): 35-37.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.010
Investigation on mosquito species in underground garage in Yangpu district of Shanghai
ZHANG Jie, JI Shu-hong, LU Chong-hua, LENG Pei-en, ZHOU Yi-bin
Abstract449)      PDF (1173KB)(1078)      

Objective To investigate on mosquito species of underground garage, and to make a preliminary research on the reason and tendency of them. Methods Gathered the mosquito larva from different kinds of underground garage in December of 2013 to November of 2014, then made some specimens of male mosquito genitalia after they were reared to adults. Results Culex pipiens molestus were the only species in the closed and small underground garage. Culex pipiens molestus accounted for 54.09%(119/220) of the Cx. pipiens complex in the closed and large underground garage, while Cx. pipiens pallens accounted for 27.27%(60/220). Culex pipiens pallens accounted for 54.23%(141/260) of the Cx. pipiens complex in the half-closed underground garage, while Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus accounted for 35.77%(93/260). Conclusion Shanghai is located in the area with both Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, and it's complicated of mosquito species. It's necessary to monitor tightly in order to control the mosquito-borne infectious diseases.

2017, 28 (1): 38-41.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.011
Investigations of indoor mosquito community characteristics and seasonal fluctuation in the southern area of Yunnan province
WANG Jian, JIANG Jin-yong, NIE Zhi-jian, YANG Ming-dong, YANG Rui, WEI Chun, CHEN Ran, SUN Ying, DONG Li-min
Abstract397)      PDF (522KB)(885)      

Objective To study the characteristics of indoor mosquitoes, community composition, diversity, and seasonality in the south of Yunnan province, and to prevent local arbovirus infectious diseases. Methods In a village of Dai in Menghai county of Xishuangbanna prefecture in the north of Yunnan province, mosquitoes were captured by overnight trapping with ovitrap light and counted by species from June to October in 2014. Results Total of 15 391 mosquitoes were captured and were classified into 16 species of 5 genus in 3 subfamilies. The predominant species were Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis, the predominant index of them were 69.62 and 49.39(D>40). The sub-predominant species were An. argyropus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. fatigans, An. peditaeniatus and An. minimus, the predominant index were 33.71, 31.79, 30.11, 16.88, and 16.48, respectively(D>10). Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielo evenness index were 1.47, 0.29, and 0.53, respectively. Statistically analysis found that Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis, Cx. pseudovishnui and An. argyropus, An. peditaeniatus and An. minimus with better fitness. The peak months of indoor mosquitoes were July, August and September. Conclusion The indoor mosquitoes species in the south of Yunnan province were rich with complicated composition of community and approximately equal distribution of the predominant species. The species density of mosquitoes was high and the peak population density lasted for an extended period of time.

2017, 28 (1): 42-45.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.012
The population density analysis of adult mosquitoes in Changsha city, China from 2007 to 2015
XIAO Shan, PENG Lai, LONG Jian-xun, HE Jun
Abstract303)      PDF (1475KB)(815)      

Objective To monitor the adult mosquito densities from 2007 to 2015, analyzing pattern of mosquitoes' species, to provide a basic reference for mosquito control measures. Methods The light trapping method was used to monitor adult mosquito density from April to December, 2007-2015. The autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) was used to predict adult mosquito density in 2016. Results A total of 94 515 mosquitoes were captured from 2007 to 2015, with a total density of 6.48 per hour. The predominant mosquito species in different habitats were significantly different, Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 50.83% in livestock shed area. The predominant mosquito species in other various habitats was Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus which accounted for more than 51.00%. The peak season of adult mosquito during 9 years was in June, the density of mosquito was high during June to September. ARIMA(1,0,0) (2,1,1)12 was successfully established, residual sequence was tested by white-noise(P>0.05), and the R2 was 0.61. Conclusion The community composition and seasonal density fluctuation of mosquitoes in Changsha city are acquired basically and the ARIMA(1,0,0) (2,1,1)12 model is able to predict the adult mosquito density. It is suggested that we should make more effort to control mosquitoes in the countryside and take measures in April and May before the onset of the peak mosquito density.

2017, 28 (1): 46-50.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.013
Analysis of rodent density and constituent in Liaoning province, China, during 2006-2015
ZHANG Jia-yong, DING Jun, BAI Yu-yin, GUAN Yu-hui, LI Zhi, ZHANG Ji-bo, WANG Chun-yu
Abstract323)      PDF (508KB)(1048)      

Objective To master the condition of rodent population distribution, seasonal fluctuation, rodent density for different habitats, and to provide a basis for developing rodent control strategies. Methods The rodents density was investigated by night trapping. Two types of monitoring points were chosen in town, one in residential and the other in special industry. Two types of monitoring points chosen in village were the rural and outside. Results Totally 1 059 319 traps were placed, 1 009 744 were effective, and 18 929 rodents were captured in Liaoning province from 2006 to 2015, the average rodent density was 1.87%. The density of rodents was lower in city(1.15%) than village(2.69%), and the highest was outside the village(3.39%), followed by inside the village(1.97%), special industry(1.32%) and residential community(0.97%). The density of rodents inside the village, in special industry and residential community were decreased, but that outside the village increased. Rattus norvegicus was predominant species in Liaoning province. The rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased, the rodent constituent of Apodemus agrarius and Mus musculus increased, the rodent constituent of Cricetulus barabensis and Tscherskia triton remained stable. In different habitats, R. norvegicus was predominant species inside the village, in special industry and residential community, Ap. agrarius was predominant species outside the village. The rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased in all those different habitats, M. musculus increased, Ap. agrarius outside the village increased, C. hamster and T. triton remained stable. Conclusion The density of rodents totally deceased from 2006 to 2015, but increased in recent years. The density of rodents was lower in city than village, the prevention and control for rodent density should focus on the rural areas. In different habitats,the rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased, M. musculus increased, Ap. agrarius outside the village increased. According to their characteristics of different habitats, comprehensive prevention measures should be taken to reduce the rodent density, for the purpose of controlling rodent-borne diseases.

2017, 28 (1): 51-55.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.014
Economic burden of post-exposure of rabies in Zhejiang province
WANG Wei, ZHANG Rong-hua, LIN Jun-fen, SUN Ji-min, LYU Hua-kun
Abstract303)      PDF (677KB)(1097)      

Objective Analyze and evaluate the economic burden of rabies exposure population in Zhejiang province, so as to provide a quantitative basis for health administrative departments to develop disease prevention strategies. Methods Literature retrieval and questionnaire collection were used to get the general features of the 1 471 cases of dog hurt exposure in dog hurt outpatient service from February to May, 2012. The direct medical costs, the direct medical costs and delays indirect economic burden were analyzed. Through DALY and human resources to estimate the dog hurt exposed economic burden. Results Median direct medical costs was RMB 220.42 Yuan, and the direct non-medical costs was RMB 16.24 Yuan, which transportation costs accounted 76.10% was the highest. The indirect economic burden due to the loss caused by per capita was RMB 135.96 Yuan, and particularly 72.73% of all was the families delay loss. In Zhejiang province total population, the indirect economic burden of post-exposure of rabies was RMB 77 487 000 Yuan (Delay work loss). According to the weight of different age groups, calculated the Zhejiang rabies death all the population average indirect economic burden for RMB 15 767 614.70 Yuan, which 45-60 years (46.51%) and 15-45 years (46.43%) old group were the highest percentage. Economic burden of post-exposure of rabies in Zhejiang province was RMB 400.34 Yuan per capita, of which the direct medical cost of total economic burden ratio of 59.12%, followed by the indirect economic burden caused by delays, accounted for 33.97%. If the grade Ⅲ exposures to accept human rabies immunoglobulin, so will the economic burden for the 4%-20%. Economic burden was overwhelmed. Conclusion Transportation accounts for direct and has the highest percentage of medical costs, should be reasonable to layout dog injury outpatient services, which location and quantity should satisfy a range of services. The family cost (direct economic costs and delays indirect economic burden) was higher than the social cost (death indirect economic burden). Direct economic burden, especially direct medical costs was the main source of the economic burden of post-exposure of rabies. The government should formulate relevant policies to help low-income people in cost, improve the clinic proportion, improve grade Ⅲ exposure rate of immunoglobulin injections.

2017, 28 (1): 56-59.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.015
Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Dandong city of Liaoning province, 2010-2015
CUI Rong-min, YU Dan-mei, MIAO Chang-qing, MENG Xiang-hui, LIU Yang
Abstract336)      PDF (446KB)(865)      

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS) cases from Dandong city in 2010-2015, and to provide basis for the prevention and control measures. Methods The laboratory-confirmed cases reported by information management system in Dandong city from 2010-2015 were analyzed through descriptive epidemiology. Results From 2010 to 2015, 101 cases of SFTS in laboratory confirmed cases were reported in Dandong city. Of these cases, 5 cases died and the mortality rate was 4.95%. The onset time of the disease was mainly from May to October,and the peak time was from June to September. The cases were distributed in 5 counties(or cities), 37 villages and towns. The prevalent area is from the mountainous and hilly regions to the plain areas. From 2010 to 2014, males, middle-aged or older persons and farmers were the main infected persons each year, and in 2015, middle-aged and young women in the countryside were frequently infected. Thirty-two cases of the disease were once ever bitten by some kind of ticks before the onset, and 2 cases were brother and sister and once had blood contact. The main symptoms were fever, body aches,headache, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and joint pain. Conclusion The onset of SFTS has obvious regional and seasonal characteristics and it was widely distributed in Dandong city. Besides, in 2015, the incidence population changed. As a result, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent and control the disease.

2017, 28 (1): 60-63.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.016
Description of Brachypogon ( Brachypogon) turpanensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) new species from Xinjiang, China
MAHE Mu-ti, YUE Xi-hong, GAO Zhen-guo, YU Yi-xin, ZHANG Jian, LI Xin-lan
Abstract330)      PDF (668KB)(834)      

A new species of Brachypogon(Brachypogon) turpanensis Ma et Yu, sp. nov. was described from Putaogou, Turpan, Xinjiang, China. The types specimens are deposited in the Medical Entomology Collection Gallery(Fengtai East Street No. 20, Beijing 100071, China) and Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Urumqi 830002).

2017, 28 (1): 64-65.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.017
Investigation of mosquito species in Muangsing county of Luangnamtha province, Lao PDR
Somphath Sorchampa, GUO Xiao-fang, WANG Jian, ZHOU Hong-ning
Abstract400)      PDF (334KB)(1011)      

Objective To investigate mosquito species in Muangsing county of Luangmamtha province, Lao PDR, providing evident for local important arbovirus infectious diseases. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected by light-traps method overnight, and 4th instar larvae were collected from different mosquito breeding sites, identifying them by morphological classification method. Results A total of 21 781 mosquito individuals were collected from 44 species in 11 genera, of those Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis belonged to local predominant adult species, their proportions were 54.39% and 39.28% of total collected adult mosquito respectively; 4th instar larvae rates of Armigeres flavus and Cx. mimeticus were higher than the others, their rates were 43.42% and 18.86% of total collected Ⅳ-larvae respectively. Conclusion Mosquito species were very rich in Muangsing county of Luangmamtha province, Lao PDR, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis belonged to local predominant mosquito species, the results hinted local health department should strengthen mosquito-borne infectious diseases monitoring.

2017, 28 (1): 66-68.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.018
Analysis of the breeding sources of overwintering Aedes albopictus and influencing factors in Ningbo city, 2016
YANG Si-jia, MA Xiao, ZHU Guang-feng, XU Ming, CHEN Xiao-ying, WANG Gui-an, SHI Bi-jun
Abstract363)      PDF (358KB)(1056)      

Objective To investigate hibernating Aedes albopictus in Ningbo city for local mosquito and diseases control. Methods The investigation was carried out from February to March in 2016. Collecting deposition including water and mud from 11 countries, 5 kinds of habitat, 4 kinds of containers and then were incubated in laboratory. Results A total of 1 528 valid samples were collected and the Ae. albopictus positive rate was 23.36%. The Ae. albopictus positive rate of used tire, temporary water container and vegetation water containers were higher than fixed water containers. The Ae. albopictus positive rates of mountains and peninsular were higher than that of plain. By logistic regression analysis, the Ae. albopictus positive rates of tire, temporary water container and vegetation water containers were 2.623 times (95%CI:1.698-4.052), 1.968 times (95%CI:1.280-3.027), and 1.759 times (95%CI:1.046-2.958) higher than fixed water containers, respectively. The Ae. albopictus positive rates of mountains and peninsular were 1.507 times (95%CI:1.034-2.197), and 1.530 times (95%CI:1.015-2.306) higher than plain, respectively. Conclusion The Ae. albopictus positive rate of Ningbo city was high. Doing a good job in eliminating Ae. albopictus larvae and eggs in early spring, actively, can control the mosquito density throughout the year, effectively.

2017, 28 (1): 69-71.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.019
Investigation on health education need about the plague in Kangbao county of Hebei province
ZHANG Yi-hui, WANG Zhi-feng, LI Lin-chen, NIU Yan-fen, LIU He-zhi, HU Le-le, CHEN Kai-le, SHI Xian-ming, GAO Bao-ping
Abstract311)      PDF (592KB)(867)      

Objective To investigation the plague health education methods and content to meet the need of different people in Kangbao county of Hebei province, and lay a solid foundation for targeted health education and achieve better results. Methods An anonymous questionnaire was conducted to investigate 387 residents in Kangbao county. Results The targeted group's lower rates of knowing were "the treatment of sudden high fever after contact the plague animals or bite with flea"(8.56%), "Kangbao county is the plague natural foci"(20.72%), and "the symptoms of the plague patients"(28.45%). Different occupations need different ways of plague health education(χ2=105.118, P<0.01). Correspondence analysis found that farmers and broadcast,students and lectures, workers and broadcast, cadres and the micro-channel all have strong correlations. The 76.14% of farmers choose broadcast, 66.30% of students choose lectures, and the doctors prefer brochure(37.10%) and TV(37.10%). In addition to the panels, newspapers and text message, the workers like other publicities. The leaders like the other publicities except the panels. Conclusion Use radio and television primarily to strengthen the propaganda for farmers. Organize more health education lectures in school for students. For workers and cadres, take a variety of ways of health education, for example, broadcasting, WeChat and text message. Doctors, considering the professional particularity, should be trained and assessed professionally to improve their emergency relief capability.

2017, 28 (1): 72-74.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.020
The investigation and analysis of a case of brucellosis
WANG Jian-ling, HU Gui-ying, XU Li-qing
Abstract356)      PDF (356KB)(885)      

Objective Through a typical case of brucellosis case report, analysis of its causes, provides information for disease prevention. Methods Analyze the case data, field epidemiological survey data and laboratory test results of this case. Results The rose Bengal plate agglutination is positive and the titer of standard tube agglutination test is 1:200 (++), according to the epidemiological contact history, time of onset, clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory results and case-control studies and based on "Diagnostic Criteria for Brucellosis"(WS 269-2007), diagnosis the patient was in acute stage of brucellosis. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the circulation of livestock inspection, immune and management work, control the source of infection in Qinghai province. Residents need to enhance and strengthen the awareness of disease prevention, and do a good job in detecting high risk population of brucellosis, the publicity and education of brucellosis is still the emphasis in future, we must increase strength in publicity and education of brucellosis to the clinical staff, and improve the level of their professional skill, make sure that the brucellosis can be detected, diagnosed, and treated early.

2017, 28 (1): 75-76.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.021
Efficacy evaluation of the fly bait and feasibility verification of the testing method
LI Xing-cheng, WANG Zhi, GE Bin, SUN Hong-zhuan, LENG Pei-en
Abstract261)      PDF (289KB)(860)      

Objective According to the Standard Draft (Efficacy testing methods and assessment of public health insecticides-fly bait), to evaluate the field efficacy of one fly bait(Baimiedi) and verify the feasibility of the efficacy testing method. Methods Set 3 treatment groups(A, B and C) and one control group(D), compare and evaluate field efficacy of the testing bait using Rd(relative density decline rate) as the assessing criteria, according to the Standard Draft. Results After bait treatment, the Rd of 3 groups(A, B, and C) were greater than 75%(4 h) and 85%(24 h), the Rd met the standard's requirement. The flies mortality of 3 groups were 84.00% in the minimum range(30 cm). Conclusion The testing bait has an excellent field efficacy against flies, and the Standard Draft can be used as a testing method for field effect assessment of fly bait.

2017, 28 (1): 77-78.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.022
Epidemiological analysis of natural focus diseases in Yichang of Hubei province in Three Gorges Reservoir during 2003-2015
YU Feng-ping, ZHAO Xin, ZHANG Hao, LI Hui-fu, WEI Ting
Abstract297)      PDF (314KB)(868)      

Objective To understand the natural focus disease dynamics among people living in the surveillance sites of Three Gorges Reservoir in Yichang city,to provide timely measures for disease control and prevention. Methods Continuously collecting and analyzing 2003-2015 surveillance natural focus disease incidence data, crowd serological data, and rodents monitoring data. Results From 2003 to 2015, Three Gorges Reservoir of Hubei Yichang section reported leptospirosis, malaria, rabies each 1 case, no plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, and other natural focus disease cases reported. Serological surveillance results showed that the crowd epidemic hemorrhagic fever and leptospirosis antibody positive rate were 2.22%, 14.12% respectively. Indoor rodents' density declined after rising first, outdoor rodents' density was on the decline in volatility trends. Renal leptospirosis and pulmonary hemorrhagic fever positive rate were 3.49%, 0.35% respectively. Conclusion The natural focus diseases in Three Gorges Reservoir haven't exerted great impact on population health. The disease surveillance should be continued.

2017, 28 (1): 79-81.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.023
Schistosomiasis surveillance in Zhejiang province in 2015
YANG Ming-jin, ZHANG Jian-feng, YAN Xiao-lan, YU Li-ling, DU Hai-juan, XIE Juan, WEN Li-yong
Abstract345)      PDF (332KB)(879)      

Objective To investigate the epidemic status of schistosomiasis in Zhejiang province, so as to provide scientific data for the strategies for schistosomiasis control. Methods The snail survey was conducted by the method of five meter synchronously systematic samplings combined with the environmental samplings. The snails were dissected to determine the infection status and were controlled by molluscacide combined with environmental modification. Both residents, migrating population and domestic animals were screened by serological methods, and the positive cases were confirmed by miracidium hatching method. Results The snail-infestation area was 657 200 m2 in 328 villages of 94 towns in Zhejiang province in 2015. Among them, the area of 8 600 m2 was newly detected. No infection was found among 78 428 snails dissected. In total 112 800 individuals were examined by serological methods, and 679 persons were positive and the positive rate is 0.60%. No native cases or livestock were found except 8 imported cases. 1 119 advanced patients were treated and medical care provided. Conclusion The results of surveillance showed the current stable schistosomiasis endemics in Zhejiang province. However, a risk factor for re-emergence of schistosomiasis still exists. Comprehensive strategy including emphasizing on prevention and control of residual snail and import cases should be stressed in the future.

2017, 28 (1): 82-84.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.024
Influence of meteorological factors on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Anqiu city, Shandong province
ZHANG Qing-min, YU Chang-lan, YU Shi-cheng, JIANG Lun-tao, WANG Cheng-hua
Abstract299)      PDF (329KB)(848)      

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and meteorological factors. Methods We collected HFRS epidemiological data and meteorological data from 2000 to 2014 in Anqiu city. Excel 2007 was used for summarizing data and descriptive analysis. SAS 9.2 was used for correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis. Results The HFRS incidence was positively associated with annual sunshine hours and the annual average wind speed. The HFRS incidence of this month was inversely associated with this month's temperature, precipitation, average pressure, average wind speed and last one and two month's temperature; but positively was associated with last two month's humidity, last month's sunshine hours and atmospheric pressure. The paper established a regression equation model for multi-analysis of relativities between weather factors and the reported incidence of HFRS. This month's sunlight(x2), last month's precipitation(x5), last two month's temperature (x8) and humidity(x9) as the independent variables, the HFRS incidence of this month as the dependent variables, the regression equation was established, y=0.019 1x2-0.014 2x5-0.239 0x8+0.061 5x9, R2=0.639. Conclusion The HFRS incidence is associated with meteorological factors which can be used to predict the incidence.

2017, 28 (1): 85-86.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.025
A biting accident by blackflies occurred in Lishui city, Zhejiang province
LAN Yu-qing, ZHANG Xiao-ping, HUANG Jin-bo, ZHANG Sheng
Abstract304)      PDF (534KB)(798)      

Objective To determine the real cause of this biting accident and reveal the truth of so-called poisonous mosquitoes, providing scientific evidence for control and prevention. Methods Means of epidemiology such as inquiry of medical history, field investigation were used to understand and follow up the bitten patient,and man-induced landing and catching method and identification for insect body morphology were also carried out for qualitative determination. Results The so-called mosquitoes were finally identified as members of Diptera gnats; and no blackfly activities were found anywhere near the scenic spot of Western palace; Besides, the rice field next to a blueberry garden was found to be the breeding environment of them. Actually, the inspecting density of man-induced landing method could get to the level of 13 blackflies/5 min, which caused 11 catching workers were bitten mostly on skin of lower limbs from 3-20 positions by blackflies in breeding environment, and parts of being bitten were nearly at lower limbs, ankles and acrotarsiums, symptoms were mainly characterized by severe itching, pain, redness and swelling, and it dismissed after 2 weeks. Thus, local people could prove the actual existence of blackflies and it was defined that the more lower limbs skin were exposed, the more bitten positions could be. Conclusion It is certain thing that the blackflies are definitely distributed in Qingyuan county of Lishui city, and this biting accident is clearly caused by exposure skin bites in blackfly breeding environment. In accordance, measures like strengthening publicity and education, improving individual protection and avoiding the peak season of insect activities when playing and working should be taken seriously. Moreover, further research on blackfly population, density, seasonal fluctuation, distribution, pathogen infection and understanding the season density of growth and decline, strengthening inspection and establishing comprehensive preventive measures will effectively pave the way for biting reduction by blackflies.

2017, 28 (1): 87-89.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.026
Progress on botanical constituents against cockroaches
NI Ling, XIAO Lei, CAI Xiang-hai, ZHANG Zhi-wei
Abstract288)      PDF (449KB)(928)      

Cockroaches, as important vectors, affect people living and health directly. At present, cockroaches control depends on chemicals, while plant constituents attract increasing attentions in research and development because of their low toxicity and friendly environmental profile. This paper summarized reported active ingredients, activity and toxicity, as well as use for new products. Matters relevant to product development were also discussed.

2017, 28 (1): 90-92.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.027
The influencing factors and optimization in preparation of Yersinia pestis Hearst media
FENG Jian-ping, LI Qian, LI Sheng, ZHAO Hai-hong, XIONG Hao-ming, XIN You-quan, YANG Jian-guo, QI Zhi-zhen
Abstract347)      PDF (410KB)(1042)      

The artificial medium was prepared for microbial growth, separation, and identification. The commonly used laboratory based was meat infusion agar medium, in which the trypsin digestion agar was superior. It is one of the basic conditions for the separation of Yersinia pestis, playing an important role in pathogen testing, which directly affects the quality and composition of growth, reproduction and isolation of Y. pestis. In this paper, the role of media prepared for Y. pestis, its influencing factors, various aspects of the measures were evaluated in order to constantly improve and enhance the level of quality control medium for plague monitoring.

2017, 28 (1): 93-95.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.028
Identification and distribution of Apodemus species with DNA barcoding in China
LIU Rong-rong, GE De-yan, LU Liang, XIA Lin, LIU Qi-yong, YANG Qi-sen
Abstract339)      PDF (2446KB)(1102)      

Objective To investigate the taxonomy and distribution of Apodemus species in China, and to provide supportive data for prevention and control of rodent borne disease. Methods DNA barcoding was employed to identify Apodemus samples collected from 22 provincial areas in China. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissue samples for PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ (COⅠ) gene, followed by sequencing. The obtained sequences were compared with the related sequences in GenBank. Then a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results COⅠ gene fragment were amplified from 119 Apodemus samples, and they were sorted into eight branches through phylogenetic reconstruction. Compared with the data in the GenBank, the collected samples were identified as eight independent species: Ap. agrarius, Ap. chevrieri, Ap. peninsulae, Ap. latronum, Ap. ilex, Ap. draco, Ap. uralensis and an undefined species. Conclusion The accurate distribution of Apodemus species in China can be determined by effective identification of samples through DNA barcoding. In addition, the results revised the Apodemus species distribution based on the morphological identification.

2017, 28 (2): 97-103.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.001
Identification of rodent species in Zhejiang port using cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ and 16S rRNA gene and analysis of sequence characteristics
QI Run-zi, WANG Dong, PU Li-ya, ZHAO Xin, GAO Xue-meng, MA Xiang, YU Bin, ZHANG Xiao-long
Abstract406)      PDF (711KB)(1031)      

Objective To identify rodent species in Zhejiang port and analyze the sequence characteristics. Methods The livers were obtained from rodents captured during April to October in 2015. The cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ(COⅠ) and 16S rRNA gene sequences of rodents were amplified. The species were confirmed and the phylogenetic trees were constructed. Results There were two species, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus in Zhejiang port. The mutation rate of COⅠgene was greater than that of 16S rRNA gene. Most of the mutation was transition and synonymous mutation. Conclusion Both COⅠ gene and 16S rRNA gene, as molecular markers, could be applied to identify rodent species.

2017, 28 (2): 104-107.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.002
Resistance and mortality pattern of dengue vectors exposed to pyriproxyfen in Jinghong city, Yunnan province
SHI Can-nan, KAI Wen-long, LIU Qi-yong, FAN Jian-hua, ZHOU Hong-ning, LI Hong-bin, MENG Feng-xia
Abstract331)      PDF (2565KB)(947)      

Objective To test the resistance to pyriproxyfen in dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus and observe the mortality pattern of mosquitoes at various concentrations in Jinghong city, Yunnan province, so as to provide evidence for dengue vectors control and resistance management. Methods Aedes larvae were collected from Dengue epidemic areas in Jinghong from October to November, 2015. WHO recommended methods for insect growth regulators was carried out on the 3rd instar larvae collected. The resistance ratio (RR) was calculated by comparing half inhibition of emergence concentration (IE50) of the tested wild population with the susceptible reference strain. Additionally, the mortality pattern of dengue vectors exposed to pyriproxyfen was analyzed by observing daily stage-specific mortality at various concentrations. Results The IE50s of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Jinghong city were 0.024 47 (0.022 09-0.027 07) and 0.135 20 (0.117 10-0.156 60) μg/L. There was 13.44-fold resistance in Ae. albopictus and 0.85-fold resistance in Ae. aegypti to pyriproxyfen compared with the susceptible strains respectively. Aedes albopictus was also 5.53-fold more tolerant to pyriproxyfen than Ae. aegypti in Jinghong city. For the dead individuals, most of them died at 4-6 d after exposure to pyriproxyfen, and the peak of death for susceptible Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were at 4-5 d and 4 d respectively. A wider range of death peak was observed for Jinghong population of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, which was at 4-6 d. At low concentrations, most of the dead were deformed adults and mosquitoes not completely separated from the pupae. For the susceptible reference strain, dead pupae began to occur steadily when the mortality was over 60%, and the proportion increased as the concentration went up. However, the mortality of pupae was fluctuating in Jinghong population. Conclusion In Jinghong city, Ae. aegypti larvae was susceptible to pyriproxyfen. Considering this species is preferentially found in urban areas, pyriproxyfen is recommended to use in urban areas. Although Ae. albopictus larvae have developed moderate resistance to pyriproxyfen, this larvicide still can be used in alternatery with other insecticides to delay the resistance development. It proves that pyriproxyfen is highly efficient for mosquito control and resistance management in Jinghong city. Periodic resistance monitoring must be conducted to learn the variations of resistance level timely.

2017, 28 (2): 108-112.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.003
First report of Liaoning virus from mosquitoes in Chaoyang district, Beijing
TANG Cheng-jun, GE Jun-qi, ZHANG Hong-jiang, FU Shi-hong, LI Yuan-yuan, XU Chao, WANG Hui-ping, ZHANG Zheng
Abstract297)      PDF (616KB)(976)      

Objective To investigate Liaoning virus(LNV) in mosquitoes in Chaoyang district, Beijing. Methods According to the Surveillance for Vector Density-Mosquito (GB/T 23797-2009), mosquitoes were collected by CO2 traps in 2014 and 2015. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect LNV. Molecular characteristics were carried out by Mega 6.0. Results A total of 9 811 mosquitoes were collected and Culex pipiens pallens (8 968/9 811, 91.41%) was the main species. The sample BJCY14007 was positive for LNV. LNV has two branches (serotypeⅠand serotypeⅡ) based on the molecular characteristics of the segment 10. BJCY14007 was more related to NE97-12 (representative strain, serotypeⅠ). Conclusion The LNV was firstly detected in Beijing. It deserves further investigation LNV prevalence in mosquito, human population and other hosts for risk assessment.

2017, 28 (2): 113-116.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.004
First detection of Wolbachia in Culex modestus at Alataw port, China-Kazakhstan border
YIN Xiao-ping, WANG An-dong, TIAN Yan-he, BA Te, ZHANG Jiang-guo, LIANG Zhen
Abstract359)      PDF (752KB)(915)      

Objective To investigate the infection and genotype of Wolbachia from Culex modestus at Alataw port, China-Kazakhstan border. Methods Sweeping Netting and Light Trapping were utilized to collect adult mosquitoes at the Yiqu, Erqu and Aibi Lake, wsp genes of Wolbachia were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the sequence analysis by Blast and phylogenetic analysis by Mega 6.0. Results The positive rate of wsp gene of Wolbachia was 3.33% (2/60) at Alataw port. The wsp haplotype sequences were divided in Supergroup A (wAlbA) and B (wAlbB) by phylogenetic analysis. Conclusion The wAlbA and wAlbB Wolbachia exists in Cx. modestusat Alataw China-Kazakhstan port.

2017, 28 (2): 117-119.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.005
Analysis on maximum usage and safety of public health insecticidal aerosol to sprayers and residents
WEI Xiao-kan, WANG Yi-yan, MENG Feng-xia
Abstract292)      PDF (345KB)(889)      

Objective Provision of advices to safe use of aerosol insecticide products for residents. Methods The risk for the residents under the extreme usage of aerosol insecticide products was assessed through the space spraying model from US-EPA to compute the extreme usage of the ten most popular prodicts in the market. Results For the sprayers (adult), ten kinds of extreme use of pesticides were 285.94, 268.80, 52.36, 193.75, 566.14, 937.60, 147.69, 230.40, 222.66 and 814.86 g/d. For the adult residents, ten kinds of extreme use of pesticides were 83.40, 78.40, 15.27, 56.51, 165.12, 273.47, 43.08, 67.20, 64.94 and 237.67 g/d. For the juvenile residents, ten kinds of extreme use of pesticides were 20.10, 18.90, 3.68, 13.62, 39.81, 65.93, 10.38, 16.20, 15.66 and 57.29 g/d. Conclusion Safe use of aerosol insecticide products not only can prevent resistance development, but also can minimize risk of professional and environmental exposure.

2017, 28 (2): 120-123.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.006
Next Generation Illumina Sequencing of bacteria carried by Chrysomya megacephala
CHEN Jian, YUE Qiao-yun, QIU De-yi, LIU De-xing
Abstract279)      PDF (901KB)(1085)      

Objective Establishment of an economic, efficient, accurate and convenient detection method for the bacteria carried by medical vector with the high-throughput sequencing platform(NGS). Methods Optimizing the pretreatment method of the samples, and then sequencing with the NGS techniques through the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform, detecting the V3 variable regions of 16S rRNA to study bacteria carried by Chrysomya megacephala. Results Ninty-five bacteria carried by C. megacephala were identified to species and 235 species were identified to genus with the improved method, which exceeded the bacteria species identified in the previous studies with the traditional methods. Conclusion The methods of sample collection, pretreatment, and PCR conditions established in this study, sequencing with the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform were effective and trustworthy, identification of bacteria pathogens carried by medical vector with this method is feasible.

2017, 28 (2): 124-130.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.007
Horizontal transmission of Beauveria bassiana CF08 strain (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) adults
ZHUANG Gui-fen, HUANG Zhen-dong, XUE Zhi-jing, LI Yan, ZHANG Rui-ling, ZHANG Zhong
Abstract311)      PDF (1062KB)(747)      

Objective To investagate the horizontal transmission of Beauveria bassiana CF08 strain in population of Musca domestica adults under the laboratory and field conditions. Methods After spraying spores or introducing infected houseflies to healthy houseflies, the prevalence of infection was recorded. Results The pathogenicity of B. bassiana CF08 strain between female and male houseflies had no significant difference (t=1.220, P=0.240). Under laboratory conditions, with the increasing proportion of infected houseflies in population, the infection rate of healthy houseflies increased up to 80%. But in the fields, the infection rate of healthy houseflies only to 12%. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana CF08 strain could horizontally transmit in house flies populations under laboratory conditions, but was not suitable for control wild house flies in the fields.

2017, 28 (2): 131-134.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.008
Effects of Taishan Rhododendron micranthum Turcz branches on the oviposition, growth and development of Musca domestica
MA Liang-liang, ZHOU Jun-ning, ZHANG Zhong, LI Fu-rong
Abstract318)      PDF (337KB)(724)      

Objective To study the effects of the branch powder of Rhododendron micranthum Turcz on the oviposition, growth and development of Musca domestica. Methods Rearing media with added branch powder of Rh. micranthum Turcz was used to feed M. domestica and observed in the laboratory. Results The minimum effective concentration of the branch powder of Rh. micranthum Turcz inhibited the oviposition of M. domestica was 4%,effective for up to 60 h. The concentration of 5% the branches powder caused a sluggish development and prolonged larval stage of M. domestica, delaying development for 0.8 d. The test material had no obvious effects on the pupation of M. domestica. Conclusion The branche powder of Rh. micranthum Turcz influences the oviposition, growth, and development of M. domestica, reducing the experimental populations.

2017, 28 (2): 135-137.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.009
Survey of blood sucking midges from Suiyang county, Guizhou province, China
CHANG Qiong-qiong, DUAN Chen, HAN Xiao-jing, XU Zong-yi, HOU Xiao-hui
Abstract328)      PDF (303KB)(955)      

Objective To survey the species distribution, community composition, and the blood-sucking rate of the main hematophagous midges of Suiyang county of Guizhou province, China. Methods The light (photocatalytic UV trap lamp) trap was used to capture blood sucking midges in different livestock sheds, which were then classified and identified. Results We obtained 31 167 blood sucking midges in Suiyang belonging to 2 genera 18 species, of which 15 species belonged to Culicoides, 3 species belonged to Lasiohelea. There were 10 new recorded species in Guizhou province, C. gymnopterus, C. kinabaluensis, C. mcdonaldi, C. nipponensis, C. orientalis, C. qianweiensis, C. tentorius, La. lushana, La. relicta, and La. ripa. The predominant species was C. orientalis (72.08%). The main species composition of the blood sucking midges varied among different livestock sheds. The total blood sucking rate of three main species was 40.12%, in which C. punctatus had the highest (56.41%) and C. orientalis had the lowest (36.88%) blood sucking rate. The three main hematophagous midge species had a different blood sucking rate in different livestock sheds. Conclusion The hematophagous midge species and blood sucking rate varied in different livestock sheds in Suiyang, which provides a basic data for the prevention and control of blood sucking midges and the species diversity research in Guizhou province.

2017, 28 (2): 138-140.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.010
Resistance of Aedes albopictus to insecticides in the late stage of emergency control of dengue fever of Guangdong province in 2014
DUAN Jin-hua, CAI Song-wu, WU Jun, YIN Wei-xiong, DENG Hui, ZOU Qin, LIN Li-feng
Abstract363)      PDF (344KB)(967)      

Objective To investigate the resistance status of Aedes albopictus to used insecticides in the late stage of dengue fever emergency control of Guangdong province in 2014, and learn how to prevent the development of resistance. Methods From the end of October to the beginning of November 2014, larve of Ae. albopictus were collected in epidemic regions in Haizhu and Baiyun district of Guangzhou city, Chancheng and Nanhai district of Foshan city, Chaoyang district of Shantou city, Chao'an district of Chaozhou and Rongcheng district of Jieyang city, and were reared about 1 to 2 generations in the lab, then were tested along with the susceptible larvae according to the methods of national standard “Test Methods of mosquito resistance to insecticides-bioassay methods”(GB/T 26347-2010) to calculate LC50 and resistance index. Results Aedes albopictus of all tested regions had low resistance to temephos and propoxur, the resistant index was 4.92-8.33 and 2.35-6.23 fold respectively. The resistantce to permethrin, beta cypermethrin, deltamethrin resistance were 3.53-31.29 fold, 8.35-38.69 fold, and 2.63-37.04 fold respectively. Of pyrethroid insecticides, Guangzhou city have reached the high level resistance mostly, Foshan city, Chaozhou city mostly low level of resistance, Jieyang city for low level of resistance, Shantou city mostly above the moderate level of resistance against cypermethrin. Aedes albopictus from some cities also have developed resistance to other insecticides in different levels. Conclusion Resistance of Ae. albopictus in the dengue epidemic cities in Guangdong increased very quick to the used insecticides. The control of Ae. albopictus should adhere to the principle of sustainable and integrated management to prevent or delay the development of resistance.

2017, 28 (2): 141-143.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.011
Analysis on mosquito species composition and seasonal fluctuation in Yongcheng city of Henan province
CHEN Chuan-wei, GUO Yu-hong, SUN Chong-xiu, REN Dong-sheng, ZHU Li, LIU Xiang, LUO Yun-dong, SHEN Yang, LIU Jing-li, LIU Xiao-bo, LI Gui-chang, LIU Qi-yong
Abstract322)      PDF (1118KB)(815)      

Objective To decide the predominant mosquito species in Yongcheng city, and their natural occurrence, density, seasonal fluctuation, and habitat distribution. The results will guide the vector management in this area. Methods Light-trapped method was used twice a month in three towns which lies in different direction in Yongcheng area. Dwellings, houses premises, and livestocks were selected as the surveillance sites in each town. Excel 2007 and SPSS 20.0 were used for data analysis. Results The total mosquito number obtained in 2010 were 20 684 with the average density 34.08/(trap·night). Culex tritaeniorhynchus took up to 54.12%, which was the predominent species. The mosquito density in livestocks was 50.58/(trap·night) which was the highest; the mosquito density around dwellings and their premises had no significant difference. Mosquito density showed statistical significance in 3 surveillance habitats (F=74.450, P<0.01). Mosquito density began to increase in July, reach a small peak activity in late July, and reached the highest peak activity in September, followed a decline in October. The mosquito density in Renhu and Mengzhuang villages reached the peak in early September, showed a unimodal peak activity. Renhu had the highest mosquito density. Three towns showed statistically significant differences in mosquito species and their density (χ2=2 033.097, P<0.01). Conclusion The distribution of mosquitoes in Yongcheng city varied according to habitat and village characteristics, then the mosquito prevention and control work should be based on the mosquito distribution in different habit, different village, and seasonal performance by species in this area.

2017, 28 (2): 144-147.    doi: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.02.012
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