Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control 2005 Vol.16

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Molecular Evidence of Bartonella Species From Fleas in Yunnan
LI Dong-mei;LIU Qi-yong;YU Dong-zheng;et al
Abstract1331)      PDF (197KB)(673)      
Objective Most known Bartonella.species are arthropod borne and cat fleas can carry and transmit this organism from cats to cats. The study intended to make clear whether some Bartonellaspecies,which are emerging pathogens,could be carried or transmitted by fleas in natural enviroments in China. Methods In this study,fleas were collected from domestic cats,dogs and rats hosts from June to July 2003 in Yunlong county,Yunnan province. PCR assay with genus. Bartonella specific primers were applied to Bartonelladetection in every group of fleas which were same species and came from one captured animal. Results Ctenocephalides felis,C. orientis, Pulex irritans, Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis, Ctenophthalmus quadratus, Neopsylla specialis specialiscollected from the host animals were 251.One group of Ct. felis including 8 tested fleas were PCR positive with three pairs of primers for Bartonella species.Five Leptopsylla segnisfrom a Rattus tanezumi flavipectus were also amplified DNA fragments of Bartonella species. Conclusion These findings indicate that fleas associated with cats and rats can carry Bartonella species and may play an important role in this pathogen transmission among animals and humans in China.
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Study on the Effect of Housefly Larvae on Pig Manure Treatment
XU Da-gang;WU Jian-hua;YANG He-ping;et al
Abstract1009)      PDF (103KB)(921)      
Objective To observe the treatment results and the quantitative change of 3 MI,COD and BOD 5 in the pig manures after housefly larvae treated. Methods About 4 000 housefly adults were random selected. Their eggs laid in height period of oviposition incubated in pig manure. Housefly larvae and surplus manure were weighted after one week of the treatment manure,and change of the number of colibacillary colony was observed. The contents of 3-MI,COD,BOD 5and NH 3-N were detected in treated and non treated pig manure. Results The weight of the pig manure averagely decreased to 53.73%54.83% of untreated manure,weight of larvae is 10.49%-11.34% of the pig manure. The colibacillarg colong in manure treated per grom was 99.96% less than that untrented. The contents of 3-MI,COD and BOD 5 in the treated pig manure were 92.80% ,54.20% and 75.30% than those in untreated manure,respectively. The variation was significant ( P<0.01). But the content of NH 3 N decreased 6.30% only with out significant variation( P> 0.05). Conclusion These results showed that it is possible of reduce discharge of manure and the contents of 3 MI,COD and BOD in the pig manure. To reduce the environment pollution of pig manure by treating pig manure with housefly larvae.
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The Study on Faunuistic Distribution of Phaonia Insects in China (Diptera:Muscidae)
JIANG Hai-juan; XUE Wan-qi; WANG Ming-fu
Abstract994)      PDF (111KB)(627)      
Objective To study the fauna of Phaonia (Diptera) in China.Methods Using Zoogeography principle and method.Results There are 357 species of Phaoniain China. General situation,characters of the fauna are discussed. Conclusion There are 330 local species,and make up 92.4% of Phaonia known in China.Which means the abundance,complexity and diversity of Phaonia in China.
Study on the Third Stage Larva of Neomyia indica (Diptera: Muscidae)
ZHAO Wen-ai;ZHANG Meng-yu
Abstract1141)      PDF (138KB)(644)      
Objective To study the breeding habit and morphological characters of the third stage larva of Neomyia indica .Methods The larvae were collected in the cow dung on the ground. Results The morphological characters of the larva of N.indica were described and figured. The larva of N.indica was compared with that of N.cornicina , N.timerensis and N.laevifrons and the differences were listed.
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Application of the Round Distribution Method to Probe the Seasonal Change of Flies
SHANG Wen-xu;HAI Xiu-ping;QIN Feng-cheng
Abstract1152)      PDF (94KB)(849)      
Objective To find out the peak day and the peak periods of the seasonal change in numbers of flies,so as to work out a scientific plan for controlling and preventing the flies. Methods The round distribution method was used to analyze the datum collected from the years of 1998 2000 to monitor the change in numbers of flies. Results It was showed that in Chifeng urban district,the peak day of the seasonal change in flies was July 13th during the years of 1998 2000; but in the single year. It was July 20th in 1998,June 30th in 1999 and July 23th in 2000. The peak period of the seasonal change in flies were from May 25th to Sep 1st during the years of 1998 2000,however,in the single year. It was from May 31th to Sep 7th in 1998,from May 15th to Aug 16th in 1999 and from June 3th to Sep 12th in 2000. Conclusion The change in numbers of flies has a obvious seasonal feature during the years of 1998 2000. The round distribution method is suitable to analyzing the seasonal change in numbers of flies.
Study on the Effect of Sulfury Fluoride and Methyl Bromide Combination Fumigating Containers
LIU Xiao-zhen;WANG Gang-rong;WAN Xiao-rong;et al
Abstract970)      PDF (93KB)(784)      
Objective To study the effect of combination fumigation of sulfury fluoride and methyl bromide on km mice. Periplaneta arnericana and Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods Field analogue experiment of drug effect based on the investigation of practical effect of available insecticides used for sanitary treatment of containers. Results The effect of combination fumigation of sulfury fluoride and methyl bromide was observed to show that when the concentrations of sulfury fluoride and methyl bromide were 10.55 g/m 3 ,20.25 g/m 3separately,and the time of closing containers'gates was 11 hours,their killing rates were 100% for KM Mice and P. americana. And the incubation rate of P. americana eggs was 0% ,too. The lowest concentrations of sulfury fluoride and methyl bromide,and the shortest time of closing containers'gates were 18.75g/m 3 ,36.00g/m 3,16.67 h respectively under the condition of 37.5 ℃ and 54% for relative humidity,on which their killing rates were 100% for KM Mice, P. americana, P. americana eggs,Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and P.aeruginosa. Temperature and relative humidity were influence factors on sanitary treatment of containers. And it was easier to kill KM Mice and insect than to kill germ. Conclusion Combination fumigating containers using sulfury fluoride and methyl bromide could increase the effect of sanitary treatment obviously,which would decrease the quantity of methyl bromide.
The Resistance of Rattus flavipectus and R.norvegicus to Anticoagu lant Rodenticide in Zhanjiang Proper
LIANG Lian;ZHANG Shi-yan;HU Jie;et al
Abstract1210)      PDF (113KB)(716)      
Objective In Zhanjiang proper,the first generation anticoagulant rodenticide (mainly diphacinone-Na) had been used for more than 20 years. To investigate the resistance of Rattus flavipectusand R.norvgicusto the first generation rodenticide after Bromadiolone (a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide) were used for 4 years. Methods No-choice feeding tests were carried out and the results obtained compared with those 4 years ago. Results The resistance of the two commensal rodent species,espcially R.flavipectus,to the first generation rodenticide have declined. Conclusion In the areas where resistance of commensal rodents to the first generation rodenticide had evaluated,After Bromadiolone was used for a few years,the resistance should be slow down could hold back.
Analysis on the Population Dynamics of Meriones meridianus
DONG Wei hui; HOU Xi-xian; YANG Yu-ping
Abstract963)      PDF (110KB)(683)      
Objective To study population dynamics of little Chinese jird ( Meriones meridianus) and its affecting elements. Methods The population dynamics of little Chinese jird was investigated by rectilinear-trap-day method in middle ten days of each month from April to October during 1991-1998. Results There are ten species of rodents in Dalate County during 1991-1998. Northern three toed jerboa ( Dipus sagitta),desert hamster( Phodopus roborovskii),little Chinese jird and striped hamster( Cricetulus barabensis) accounted for over 10%,respectively.The seasonal fluctuation has two peaks every year.In 1991-1998,the population dynamics fluctuated with low valley(1991),increase(1992),peak(1993-994),decrease(1995) and low valley(1996-1998)among 8 years. Annual capture rates are all under 2%, s(of logx,x=population density of M.meridianus)<0.5. Between the number of M.meridianusand pregnant rate, r=|-0.758|> r 0.05=0.754; Between the number and repregnant rate, r=0.827> r 0.05=0.811; Between capture rate in Oct.and capture rate in Apr. next year,r=0.759> r 0.05=0.754, df=5; Between the number of the jird and the number of D.sagitta, P.roborovskiiand C.barabensis,r=0.662( 0.05=0.707),0.762(> r 0.05=0.707)and0.498( r 0.05=0.707) respectively. Conclusion D.sagitta, P.roborovskii, M.meridianusand C.barabensisare the dominant rodent species in Dalate County in 1991-1998.The population number is maximum in March and in July. The annual fluctuation is not periodical. The important elements of population dynamics were the pregnant rate,the repregnant rates,reproduction index,the capture rate and the population number of other species ( D.sagitta, P.roborovskiiand C.barabensis).
The Design and Efficacy Observation of New Mosq-ovitrap for Monitoring of Vector of Dengue Fever
LIN Li-feng;LU Wen-cheng;CAI Song-wu;et al
Abstract1722)      PDF (107KB)(1194)      
Objective To establish the system of surveillance and forecast for dengue fever,a sensitive,effective,and feasible appliance was developed for the monitoring of dengue fever vector, Aedes albopictusin field.Methods According to the ecological characters of, Aedes albopictus,and the structure of CDC(USA) ovitrap and housefly trap,we invented a Mosqovitrap in which the mosquito would be attracted to oviposit,and would be caught. The attractive effect was tested in laboratory and in field.Results In laboratory both the positive mosquito and oviposition indexes of new Mosqovitrap were 100 and the average adults and eggs were 12.25 and 1 369.2 in one trap,while in the dweller environment,the indexes were 26.2 and 27.1 respectively,and they were higher than the container index and similar to the Bretaeu index. The positive oviposition index was 18.6 in field. Conclusion As an appliance for monitoring vector of dengue fever,the new Mosq ovitrap had a high attractive effect for Aedes albopictus.
Observation on the Biting Cycles and Influence Factors of the Armigeres subbalbeatus
JING-xiao*; HUO Xin-bei; LI Zhao-huang; et al
Abstract704)      PDF (196KB)(656)      
Objective Observe the biting cycles of the Armigeres subbalbeatusand analyze influence factors on them.Methods Collect mosquitoes by the methods of human baited net trap,human biting catches,net trap and house catches and record the environmental factors. Results The biting of the Armigeres subbalbeatuswas mainly at night,there are two peak periods at a biting cycle: The dust peak period was from 18 to 21o′clock in the evening,the morning peak period was from 2 to 3 o′clock in the wee hours. The former was higher than the latter. The environmental factors influence the biting action of the Armigeres subbalbeatus. The mosquito net trap is a better way to study the biting cycles of the Armigeres subbalbeatus.Conclusion The biting action of Armigeres subbalbeatusmainly was outdoors,so it had better avoid camping in the summer.
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Monitoring and Analyzing on Malaria Vector at Eighteen Field Sites of Yunnan in 2002
WANG Pi-yu; ZHOU Hong-ning; GU Yun-an;et al
Abstract1111)      PDF (129KB)(727)      
Objective To investigate malaria vector biology behavior,distribution and seasonal fluctuation,and to make out reasonable vector control measures. Methods At the peaks of malaria transmission from May to October,collected mosquito two times every month by human biting catches and houses catches methods. Results By houses catches,in cattle pens,a total of 11 414 individuals of 25 Anophelesspecies were collected, An.sinensisis the predominant species (63.72%),its peaks of population density occurred in May and June,i.e.49.25 and 56.56 individuals per hour per pen respectively,but in October,its density declined to 15.50 individuals per hour per pen; for An.minimus,its proportion was 4.87% of total collected mosquitoes,its peak of density was from August to October. In human house,a total of 1 061 individuals of 15 Anophelesspecies were captured, An.sinensiswas 66.26% of total collected mosquitoes,its peak of density occurred at June,6.88 individuals per hour per house,but in October was 1.18 ; An.minimuswas 3.96% of total collected mosquitoes,peaks of density,in June and September,were 0.40 and 0.29 individuals per hour per house respectively. By human biting catches,a total of 648 individuals of 16 Anophelesspecies were captured. An.sinensisand An.minimuswere 46.45% and 16.67% of total collected mosquitoes respectively,and their peaks of density,June and August respectively. Conclusion Mosquito monitor could be effective to know malaria vectors distributions,seasonal fluctuations,which provided evidences for mosquito control,as well as to make out the better control measures to block malaria incidences and transmission.
Studies on the Regional Areas of Mosquitoes in Yunnan
DONG Xue-shu*;ZHOU Hong-ning;GONG Zheng-da; et al
Abstract1045)      PDF (90KB)(738)      
Objective To study the regional areas of mosquitoes in Yunnan and their characteristics. Methods Combining the sampling survey with the overall survey,and using known entomologic information on the regional areas to systematically analyze the results of the surveys. Results The regional areas of mosquitoes in Yunnan were divided into 2 sub regional areas,7 small areas.Conclusion Yunnan topography is very complicate,natural climate is variety and the regional areas of mosquitoes are also complicate.
Sucking Lice Fauna Investigation from Nine Counties in Yunnan Province
WANG Jing; GUO Xian-guo; QIAN Ti-jun; et al
Abstract969)      PDF (1313KB)(643)      
Objective To understand the fauna of ectoparasitic sucking lice on small mammals in Yunnan Province of China. Methods Nine counties(towns) in Yunnan Province were chosen as target sites to investigate the sucking lice on small mammal hosts. The hosts were captured by traps. The sucking lice on the body surface of small mammals were all collected. Every individual of the sucking lice was dehydrated,made to be transparent mounted on slides in a conventional way,and then identified under a microscope. Results 2 745 small mammal hosts were captured and 18 167 sucking lice from the hosts were collected. The 2 745 hosts were identified as 41 species of 25 genera of 10 families in 5 orders: Rodentia,Insectivora,Scandentia,Logomorpha and Carnivora. The collected 18 167 sucking lice were identified as 22 species of 6 genera of 4 families. All the louse species,together with their taxonomic position (genera and families),their hosts and collected sites were listed in detail. Conclusion There are relatively less sucking lice species on the small mammals,and the number of species of sucking lice are much less than the number of species of the hosts.
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Studies on Polymorphic of Genomic DNA of Different Strains of Dermacentor nuttalli
ZHAO Hong-bin*;YANG Yin-shu;SHI Zhi-yong;et al
Abstract1064)      PDF (690KB)(726)      
Objective To study whether there are intraspecific differences among the strains of D.nuttallifrom three different areas. Methods The specimens of D.nuttalliwere collected from Aertai of Xinjiang autonomous region,Wuwei and Pingliang of Gansu province,and the genomic DAN was extracted respectively from them. The total volume of reaction and conditions of RAPD PCR were defined,9 primers with different arbitrary single chain polynucleotide sequences were selected,the genomic DNA of three strains of D.nuttalliwas respectively amplified by RAPD,DNA fingerprint maps were constructed with the amplified products,the polymorphism DNA of three strains of D.nuttalliwas compared,the diversities of three trains of D.nuttalliwere analyzed at DNA level. Result Some of the amplified DNA fragments are same among three strains,but the other DNA fragments are completely unique to every strain. Conclusion The diversities of genomic DNA among three strains of D.nuttalliexist.
Abstract427)      PDF (1037KB)(663)      
Study of Species Composition on the Ectoparasites of the Rodent in Frontiers of Korea,Russia and Northeast China
WANG Ya-yu;LIU Guo-ping;LI Dong li; et al
Abstract1677)      PDF (88KB)(714)      
Objective To investigate species composition on gamasid mites,chigger mites and flea on the rodent in frontiers of Korea,Russia and Northeast China. Methods To catch rodents with cage,and collect the ectoparasites of the rodent. Results 15 891 ectoparasites of the rodents belonged to 9 family,27 gerea and 55 species,which were recorded from 6 cities and counties of frontiers Northeast China,of which gamasid mites belonged to 20 species,9 gerea and 4 family;chigger mites were 15 species ,6 gerea and a family;flea survey were 20 species,12 gerea and 4 family. The species composition of the rodent ectoparasites varies with different rodents species. Conclusion Base is given for further studies on faunal distribution and species composition on rodent ectoparasites in frontiers of Korea,Russia and Northeast China.
The Relationship Between Weather Factor and Prevalence of Leptospirosis in Flooding Areas
CHENG Jun-fu*; ZHANG Xian-feng; FANG Wei-min; et al
Abstract1074)      PDF (77KB)(707)      
Objective Mastering the prevalence regulation to control epidemic of Leptospirosis in flooding areas. Methods The investigation was carried out in Xiantao,Zhijiang where the epidemic was serious,including the average rainfall and air temperature per year,the average rainfall and air temperature during 6-10 months and the incidence rate of Leptospirosis. Results 75.74% of cases happened in August in Xiantao and Zhijiang. There was positive correlation between the incidence rate and rainfall in August, r=0.72( P<0.01). The rest factors hadn′t significant correlation with the incidence rate. Conclusion The incidence rate of Leptospirosis is related to rainfall to a certain extent.
Abstract451)      PDF (79KB)(601)      
Studies on Species Infection and Breeding Law of the Intermediate Host Lymnaeidae of Trichobilharzia in the Huaihe River System
SHENG Si-chun*; ZHANG Ming-qun; QIN Zhi-hui;et al
Abstract969)      PDF (113KB)(744)      
Objective To investigate species,infection and breeding regulation of the intermediate host of Trichobilharziain the Huaihe River System. Methods June of 2002-May of 2003,the snails Lymnaeidae were collected in Yaohe River,Gaotanghu Lake,Jaoganghu Lake and Huajiahu Lake of the branch of the Huaihe River,Huainan City,Anhui Province. Collected snails were fed and observed. The cercariae were examined from the snails mounted directly on a glass slide collected on the spot,and were collected by Shade Drop Bottle to infect ducklings and volunteer skin. The eggs and imagoes were separated from infected ducklings. Results Radix swinhoeiand Radix auriculariawere found as the intermediate host of Trichobilharziain the basin and the natural infection rates,were 0.65% ,0.21% 、0.07%-0.26% in April,May,August,September and October respectively,which were significantly different (χ 2=32.78, P <0.001;χ 2=26.73, P<0.01). Both R.swinhoeiand R.auriculariabecame active in the middle of February,gradually hid into soil to overwinter in the late October and brought up 3 generations per year. Conclusion The results show that the both snails widely dispersed on Huaihe riverside and were main intermediate hosts of Trichobiharziacausing cercarial dermatitis in the Huaihe River System,and the results also offer references to control and wipe out these intermediate hosts.
The Analysis of Relationship Between Malaria Morbidity and Distribution of Their Vectors from 1994 to 2003 in Hubei Province
CHEN Guo-ying; ZUO Sheng-li; HUANG Guang-quan; et al
Abstract1345)      PDF (92KB)(748)      
Objective To find out the relationship between malaria morbidity and distribution of their vectors. Methods Cross section study was employed for malaria cases investigation,vectors survey and its distribution. The vectorial capacity was evaluated via human blood index survey. Results The malaria endemics could be divided into one-vector-endemics in which only Anopheles sinensis is recorded,and two-vector-endemics in which A.sinensisand A.anthropophagusare recorded. The vectorial capacity in two-vector-endemics is as 44.47 times as that in one vector endemics. The malaria cases of two vector endemics ranges from 81.38% to 93.84% of the total cases of Hubei Province. Conclusion The malaria epidemic is related with the distribution of A.anthropophagus. It suggested that the malaria control should focus on A.anthropophagus.
Abstract438)      PDF (42KB)(604)      
Studies on Vero Cell-derived Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Vaccine
LI Min-hong; ZHU Zhi-yong; WENG Jing-qing; et al
Abstract1232)      PDF (104KB)(628)      
Objective Vero cell-derived HFRS purified vaccine researching and producing. Methods The vaccinal strains Z 10(type Ⅰ)and Z 37(type Ⅱ)of HFRS bivalent inactivated vaccine were adapted in vero cells and continuously porpagated. The Vero-cell derived HFRS purified vaccine were developed using the different passages of these 2 viral strains.Results The strains Z 10and Z 37were adapted to Vero cells and grew on cells with high titers only after one time passages. The viral titers reached and maintained stably between 6.25-6.75and6.50-7.00logTCID 50/ml respectively after serial passages in Vero cells. The amounts of virus antigen and viral titers of Vero cell-derived HFRS inactivated vaccine made from different passages of these viral strains were much higher than the former.The RPHI titers of strainsZ 10increased from negative for Cp 1to 1∶64for Cp 10,and that of strains Z 37from1∶2for Cp 1to1∶64for Cp 10. The viral titers (logTCID 50/ml) of strains Z 10raised from 4.25 for Cp 1to 6.50 for Cp 10and that of strains Z 37from 6.25 for Cp 1to 7.50 for Cp 10. The viral titers and the amounts of virus antigen were up to the standand of biological products in China. Conclusion In the study on the HFRS purified vaccine in Vero cells,the most important thing is the passage adaptability of vaccinal strain in Vero cells.
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