Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control 1991 Vol.2

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Studies on Hemolymph of Mosquito I. A Quantitative Study on Free Amine Acids in Hemolymph of Uninfected and Plasmodium vivax-Infected Mosquitoes of Anopheles Sinensis
Wei Ming;Wang Jusheng
Abstract961)      PDF (1710KB)(542)      
This paper reports the results of a quantitative study about the free amino acids(FAA) within hemolymph of Anopheles sinensis adult females fed on blood meal infected with Plasmodium vivax and those fed on uninfected blood meal.The hemolymph was collected by centrifuging incised mosquitoes, a method described by Mack and Vanderberg ( 1978 ) with a little modification. Quantitative determination was made with high performance liquid chromatography(LC-6A). Measurements were taken right after mosquitoes' emergence and on the 5th, 12th and 18th days after the blood meal. Twenty amino acids were detected in mosquito hemolymph and the regular changes of amounts of them observed.1. The total FAA of mosquitoes who had an uninfected blood meal (MN) rose 37% on the 5th day after the blood meal, and remained relatively constant, and then dropped slightly around day 12, and reincreased again thereafter. On the 18th day, it got up to 2.7 times.2. The total FAA of the mosquitoes who had an infected blood meal (MI) reduced 9.3% after the blood meal and kept reducing for about 12 days, and then, on the 18th day, rose about 50%. The general level was much lower than that of total FAA of MN.3. The level changing behaviour of individual amino acid of MI was different from that of MN significantly.①His. Asn. Lys. and Glu. kept reducing during the 18 days after the blood meal.②There was a significant reduction in Ala. Val. Leu.on day 5 and day 12 after the blood meal and Gin. on day 12 and day 18.③Level of Asp. dropped to zero on day 5 and 12 and reappeared on the 18th day.④Met. kept on reducing and got zero before the 12th day.⑤Gln. increased in the first 5 days and dropped thereafter.
Abstract432)      PDF (1058KB)(527)      
Study on the Effect of the Repelients, Quweniu and Quwenshuang, Against Mosquitoes
Dong Guifan;et al
Abstract1503)      PDF (1159KB)(716)      
This paper reported synergisted repellent formulations on the effect against mosquitoes both in the laboratory and in the field. Control repellent is "Wen Pa Shui" , the best repellent at that time in our country. Mean protection provided by repellent Quwenlu were 10.4, 13.0 and 13.1 hr., and 10.8, 12.8 and 14.1 hr. for the repellent cream, Quwenshuang, against Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens pallens respectively in our laboratory.The protection time of the repellent Quwenlu was 5.8 hr. against Culex modestus and Aedes vexans at the grassland in Jilin province. The repellent Quwenlu and Quwenshuang provided full protection for 7-8 hr against these mosquito species at the farm in Tianjin suburbs. Mean protection times for the repellent Quwenlu against Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens pallens at a village in Jiangsu province were both G.2 hr. The repellent Quwenlu provided full protection against Aedes albopictus for 10 hr. in Guangxi Autonomous Region. The protection time for Wen Pa Shui were 4.7-5.7 hr.The paper also discussed some factors influencing effective reppllency.
Abstract462)      PDF (285KB)(495)      
Research and Effect of the Liquid of Thermoevaporated mosquito-cide
Zhang Yingkuo;et al
Abstract1184)      PDF (973KB)(552)      
The present paper reports the research and effect of three kinds of the liquid of thermoevaporated mosquito-cide. Contrasting to the one sold in market, the liquid of No.3 has 3.4-5.7 min pf KT 50 at PTC. temperature of 126±2℃, and the mortality of it is 100 percent. When used in the experimental house, it can prevent bloodsucking from mosquitoes. The destorying rate is over 98 percent. It is safe for using.
A Research for the Bionomics of Synanthropic Flies in Dandong city
Gao Yu;et al
Abstract1106)      PDF (1045KB)(549)      
It is very important to study the bionomics of synanthropic flies for drawing up the plan of integrated control of flies in a large area.The research includes three items. Firstly, the quantity of populations in the urben district was collected by traps, it was found that there were fifteen species, of which Lucilia sericata, Musca domestica and Muscina stabulans were dominative species. They often congregate in the refuse of seafoods and a dry public lavatories. Secondly, the breeding habits and seasonal fluctuations of common fly larvae were investigated in various of possible breeding places. Three hundred thirty-seven samples were gathered from fourteen kinds of breeding plaees and it was found that a dry public lavatory was main breeding places for M. domestica and F. cunicularis. Thirdly, the results show that adults M. domestica often activity in environments around breeding places of its larvae, such as making winery, house, kitchen and so on. and the L. sericata activity in refuse of seafoods, pliesof carcass, fur, and bone of animals.According to those results, the authors drawed up the plan of integrated control of common flies and obtained a good effectiveness.
Abstract441)      PDF (260KB)(506)      
Study on the Effect of Erythrosin B on the Growth of House Fly Larvae
Zhang Mengyu;et al
Abstract1138)      PDF (580KB)(739)      
The toxicity of erythrosin B to house fly larvae was evaluated in this paper. The house fly larvae can well grow in the wheat bran medium treated with erythrosin B at the concentration of 1.0×10 -3M, 2.5×10 -3M, 5.0×10 -3M, 1.0×10 -2M. The growth inhibition of house fly larvae could be not observed. The toxicity of erythrosin B to house fly larvae was not showed in the wheat bran.
Analysis of the results in serveillance of cockroach's density in five cities
Jiang Xuefeng;et al
Abstract1234)      PDF (816KB)(589)      
The cockroach density serveillance in Shanghai, Zhangzhou, Changdu, Shenyang, and wuhan from June 1988 to December 1988 was carried out by using cockroach trapbox.The cockroach population, the component proportion and the density fluctuation were observed. in the dwelling houses, the hotels and the restaurants of every monitoring point.
Studies on Elimination of House Rodents by Blocking the Rat Burrows with Quicksand
Zhao Chengshan;et al
Abstract919)      PDF (987KB)(563)      
Experimental studies on elimination of house rodents by blocking the rat's burrows with quicksand is reported for the first time. The experiments were done inside the country houses in Qingyun and wuoneng counties of Dezhou Prefecture in July and November, 1990 respectively.The metnod was to extend a piece of plastics coated aluminium electric wire into the rats' burrows as deep as possible before pouring dry quicksand into the burrows with a spoon and, when the sand stopped flowing, quiver the wire to facilitate the sand flow. The wire was pulled out after the burrow was full with sand.Observations on 210 sand-blocked Rattus norvigicus burrows for 72 hours revealed very few reexcavated level burrows. No new excavated burrows were found. Calculated from the number of sandblocked burrows, the elimination rate in two studies was 97.70 and 99.16% respevtively. Owing to the drop-out blocking of the burrows and the interference of the new comers, the elimination rate measured with the powder-spot method at the same time was relatively lower, the corrected rate was 76.55 and 85.24% respectively. We believe that in areas where wuicksand is Eavailable, rodent elimination can be obtained by anyone at any time.
The Ecological Character of Remnant Rodents in Urban Ⅱ. Study on the Population Niche of the Urban Remnant Rodent.
Zhu Longbiao;Zhou Yuli
Abstract977)      PDF (828KB)(604)      
The utilization and allocation ways of space and time resources of remnant rodent in the various building style dwelling house as well as the different inside environment of dwelling house, factorty, enterprise and hotel are analysised by use of the niche breadth and the niche overlapping value. The investigating result shows that the niche breadth of the remnant rodent in dwelling building is large and the overlapping value is also high, but the niche breadth and overlapping value of the various environment points are both low. The time niches of the remnant rodent investigated during 18 months are all large, however, the time niches of the rodent in various environment points of the dwelling building and the factory, enterprise are all low. Three species rodents ( Mus musculus, Rattus flavipectus, R. norvegicus)coexist in urban ecology system because of the resource utilization and allocation difference of the remnant rodent in different niche dimension.
Evaluation of the effect of Bromethalin against Cieellus dauricus
Zhang Zhongqiu;et al
Abstract921)      PDF (1101KB)(567)      
Acute LD 50 of bromethalin against citellus dauricus per os was 2.3747mg/kg. The confident limitation in 95% was 1.1918—2.8305mg/kg. The coefficient of taken maize baits at concentration of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1% of pesticide agent for c.dauricus were 1.4686, 0.7748 and 0.8377, respectively. The rodents have no dietary rejected reaction for baits. It gave some accumulating toxication-After toxicosis the death period of c.dauricus would take 1—3 days.It is a typical neuro-toxicant symptom that including congestion and bleeding in lung was mainly pathological features could founded by autopsy. In other internal organs hemorrage and congestion fncusrwere also founded in certain extent. Under the microscope a large amount of the encephalo-malacia focus in parenchyma region, small neurglia cell hyperplasia and neurogen necrosis were very common phynomena. 0.1% of Bromethalin maize baits. 10 pieces per borrow putting the killing rate was 94.12%, after three days calculated the rate of distinct borrow. The results confirmee that Bromethalinbbaits possessed very stronger toxicity for c.dauricus, death period is mild and palatable for rodents and is suitable using for dealing with natural focus, is ideal rodenticide for pest control.
Abstract466)      PDF (290KB)(535)      
Studies on Dynamic State of A. agrarius infestation in Jilin Province.
Yin Qiang ;Shu Enjun
Abstract1096)      PDF (908KB)(555)      
Studies on dynamic state of A. agrarius infestation in eight habitats have been done in Jilin Province. A.agrarius was the dominant species in most of habitat, constitution ratio of A. agrarius in four habitats surpasses 30%. Constitution ratio of A.agrarius in every year were different. Age ratio (young/adult) inevery habitat and year were different . Sex ratio ( male/female) in every habitat were identifiable, but in every year were different. The curve of A. agrarius population density of each month during eight years shows that the population density come down every year and the range of fall reduces year by year. There were two speaks of population density every year (on June to July and September to October) .These laws were approximately the same to that the EHF morbidity changes.
Abstract428)      PDF (381KB)(611)      
The Tests of the Selectiving of Rattus flavipectus to Various Kinds of Food
Wu Qingquan;et al
Abstract1018)      PDF (908KB)(606)      
In this paper the selectivity of Rattus Flavipectus to various kinds of single bait and compound bait were researched in laboratory. The results showed the palatability of plant bait was greater than that of animal bait, the grain bait greater than the other crop bait. Among various kinds of single bait, the coefficient of consumption of the rice was greatest, the rice in the husk was next, and the third was maize. The compound bait and the animal bait showed little palatability.
Additional Studies on Some Ecological Habits of Himalayan Marmota
Zhang Guangdeng;Ma Liming
Abstract912)      PDF (1032KB)(548)      
1. Relation between activated duration of Marmota himalayana and sunshine time is linear positive correlation. The great majority of Marmota activate at temperature of ground 5~20℃. Marmota himalayana strongly activate comingout of hibernation afterwards. Intake of food is very much from July to August. A Burrow is lived together by 1~5 Marmots.2. Marmota himalayana come out of hibernation in the low land above sea level is earlier than that in the high land but the beginning of hibornation, the former is later than the latter. A den is hibernated by 1~21 Marmota.3. propagation of Marmota himalayana in the low land above sea level is earlier than that in the high land. The pregnant rate is 38.7~68.8%. The number of the embryos were 4.8~6.2. On an average, there are 4.6 young Marmota in each lair, Relation between gestational rate of Marmots and their ages may be showed by parabola curve. The most vigorous breed were proceeding at 4- to 6-years.4. Relation between numbers of Marmota himalayana and their age is linear negative correlation.5. The density of Marmota himalayana is higher in July to September, it is lower in May to June and October.6. After July, weight of Marmota himalayana increase strongly.
Characteristics of population Infection in HFRS mixed epidemic focus
Bi Peng;et al
Abstract1069)      PDF (813KB)(490)      
In April 1987 and March, 1988, an epidemiological investigation was conducted in a county in Anhui Province. We found the inapparent infection rate in HFRS mixed epidemic focus is 4.82%, just between the mice and rat epidenic focus. And no sexual difference. There is inapparent infection in every age group, and there is more common in 20—50 years old group. There is a raising tendency of inapparent in fection after anepidemic year. We also found that the value of HFRS inapparent infection rate is correspoal with that of incidence rate and population inapparent infection whose family has HFRS patient is higher than that of pupulation whose family has no HFRS patient.
Study on the survival period of plague Bacillus in marmot peltry in the market
Song Dongxis;et al
Abstract851)      PDF (860KB)(541)      
According to the marmot pelt with or without Fatty tissue, the peltry derided into two groups, namely, one is dry pelt, other is fatty's pelt. The experiment on survival period of Bacillus in the marmot pelt was conducted. The dry pelt were smeared it with 60.6 hundred Bacillus per cm 2, and then kept it at different temperature, 10, 20 and 30 degree centigrade. The result showed that the Bacillus could survived as longer as 21 days, and as shorter as 14 days, and 16.6 days on an average. The temperature is very strong factor for influence in survival of Bacillus. The fatty pelt was smeared it with 715 Bacillus per cm 2, the result show that it could lasted for as longer as 3 days, and 1.8 days on au average, No any influence in the temperature was founded.
Abstract424)      PDF (254KB)(501)      
The Primary Studies on The Turning Point of Transmission of Brugia Malayi
Guo Qiusheng;et al
Abstract996)      PDF (1249KB)(564)      
This paper was reported that studies on transmission of Brugia malayi was carried out at Gabomen village in Xiantao city where was endemic area of Brugia malayi for 4 years. The results showed that the turning point of transmission of malayan filariasis not only depend upon pathogeniological factor but also rely on transmission vector factor, social and natural factors. When micro filariaemia rate be under 1.55%, mean microfilarial density be under 4mff/60ul, biting human rate of Anofheles sinensis is 44.77 mosq./night per person and feeding preference of Anopheles sinensis is 0.078, the transmission of filariasis was intrrupted.
Abstract495)      PDF (266KB)(543)      
The investigation of Lyme disease in Nanchuan county of Sichuan province
Li Youliang;et al
Abstract1102)      PDF (904KB)(621)      
This is the first report that the infectious area of Lyme disease was proved in Nanehuan county of Sichuan Province. The sera of 300 forest residents were tested for antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi(strain B31) by IFA, 54(18%) residents had significant IgG titers. 35 cases including 7 cases of Erythema Chronicum Migrans, 13 cases of arthritis, 7 cases of facial paralysis, 5 cases of potyneuritis, 2 cases of mengitis and 1 case of cardiac abnormalities were confirmed being Lyme disease by serologic al and clinical examination.Spirochetes were observed in the midguts of 6.4% of 47 Boophilus microplus in this area by Direct Immunofluorescence test.
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Study on the Early occurrences and Age-compositions of the Overwintered mesquite, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles
Xue Ruide;et al
Abstract1004)      PDF (1407KB)(653)      
The paper presents the results of study on the early occurrences and age-compositions of the overwintered mosquito, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles from Feb. to May, 1987 and Feb. to April,1988 in Wuxi, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, and Fengxian, Shanghai. It was found that the overwintered females appeared by the end of March and early April in Wuxi and Fengxian. By the middle of April the overwintered females increased sharply. However, a few overwintered females could be caught from livestock sheds when the temperature was over 11℃ during sunset from Feb. to March, for example, one female overwintered was caught in the livestock shed in Fengxian, Shanghai, on Feb. 22, 1988, in which it was warmer (15.3℃). The new larvae and adults of the Cx. tritaeniorhynchus appeared by the end of the April and early May. The occurrence date of the overwintered females in tile Yangzhou, Jiangsu was about one month later titan in the Wuxi and Fengxian. The appearences of the overwintered females were association with the temperature changes, rains, and winds in the early spring. All females caught in the early spring were nulliparous and old ages by the age detection. The inseminative and non-diapausive ratios were 98%, 94%, respectively. The females fed appeared the gonotrophic concordance in the early spring.In addition, the results showed that the overwintered females could not almostbe becaught by the CO 2 traps in the field.
Abstract464)      PDF (299KB)(533)      
The Effects of Temperature on the Infectivity and Sex Ratios of Romanomermis wuchangensis
Bao Xuechun;et al
Abstract996)      PDF (780KB)(554)      
Under the conditions of different temperatures the effective rate of the preparasites larvae of Romanomermis wuchangensis to second-instar of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are different. The author has carried out an infectious experiment at two kinds of exposure time (Within 24 hr and 48hr) at 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 35℃, respectively. As a result, the effective rate at each of these temperatures were 8.5, 15, 48.5, 75.8, 94, 74, 48.5, 11% (24hr), 19.5, 19, 53, 99.3, 99, 67, 72.8, 23.5% (48hr) respectively. It was clear that the preparasites were infective at 15 to 35℃. The temperature range that obtains the highest effective rate is 24 to 28℃. If most females and optimum sex rate are obtained, the temperature should be at 21℃.
Effects of pesticides on Romanomermis wuchangensis a mermithid nematode parasite of mosquito larvae
Luo Qigui;et al
Abstract836)      PDF (1101KB)(503)      
The tolerance of R. wuchangensis in different stages to pesticide was different, It was postparasitie juveniles>adults>eggs>preparasites>2nd-instar Culex pipiens quinquefascitus. The preparasitic juveniles of R. wuchangensis and 2nd-instar Culex were exposed to 4ppm methamidophos, 0.25 ppm dichlorvos, 0.125ppmmeothrin, 0.125ppm decis and 0.25 ppm sumieshading, after 24 hr the survival rate of the nematode were 75.6, 27.7, 95.5, 38.8, and 55.5% resepectively. All the Culex larvae were dead. The eggs of the nematode were exposed to 16 ppm methamidophos, 2ppm dichlorvos, 0.25 ppm meothrin, 0.5 ppm sumieshading and 0.125 ppm decis. Their hatching rate were 52.4, 51.06, 47.0, 53.86, and 40.58%, the hatching rate of untreated eggs was 80.88%. In the conditions of 1.0ppm methamidophos, 0.125ppm meothrin, 0.0156ppm decis, 0.0078ppm sumieshading and 0.0156ppm dichlorvos, the infection rate of infective stage R.wuchangensis to 2nd instar Cx. p.quinque fascitus were 71.4, 75.0, 77.5, 81.0 and 80.0%, while that of control (H 2O) was 88.0%. The treatment of postparasitic juveniles with 20 ppm methamidophos. 1 ppm meothrin, 2 ppm decis, 4 ppm sumieshading and 8 ppm dichlorvos, after 48 hr, had no obvious effect. The nematodes were able to molt, mate, and lay viable eggs.
Experimental Studies on Multiplication Control of Mosquito and its Larva by Putting Ducks out to Rice Field
Ge fengxiang;et al
Abstract1141)      PDF (780KB)(598)      
In both 1979 and 1983, the experimental studies were made to control propagating of mosquito and its larva by running ducks in the rice field in both North Henan Alluvial Plain by Yellow River and South Henan Mountainous Area, where the residents have the habit of farming ducks in the rice field. Such results were achieved: a). The larva control rate ranged from 96.8-98.5% in the former area and in the latter 87.9%. Relative index of the density was 3.3, p<0.001 through the significance test in the both areas, b). Output of the rice increased by 10.2% and c). More than 100 kg duck meat was supplied from each mu(1/15 ha)rice field averagely. This is a measure beneficial to agriculture, duck raise and extermination of mosquito and its larva, and worthy to be spread in the rice growing district.
The effective evaluation of six repellents against Aedes albopictus in laboratory
Wang Meixiu.et al
Abstract1084)      PDF (848KB)(619)      
The results showed that: All of six repellents had a good repelleney(96.4-100%)against Aedes albopictus, 002,001 remeaned higher repellency within 10 hr., 002 still had higher repellency(85.7%)within 12 hr., but the Ole Time provided 96.4% protection from Aedes albopictus for 14 hr.. The sequences of repellency were Ole Time>002>Wenpashi>001>shule>Bayer.The suitable observing time was appropriate 8 min.
Abstract440)      PDF (325KB)(504)      
Study on the efficiency of d-cyphenothrin against mosquito, fly and cockroach
Jiang Zhikuan;et al
Abstract1313)      PDF (966KB)(556)      
Applying the methods of soaking, dropping, spraying and thin film membrane technique the experiment on d-cyphenothrin against mosquito, housefly and B.germanica were carried out in laboratory. The result confirmed that the LC 50 of d-cyphphenothrin for the larve of C. pipiens was 0.0089ppm. The toxicity of the agent given is 1.9 and 7.1 times than that of permethrin and d-phenothrin. LD 50 of d-cyphenothrin was 0.0418μg/per individual for B.germanica, its toxicity is 3.3 and 5.7 times than that of permethrin and d-phenothrin, the kT 50 and the mortality of 24 hr. was superior to above mention two agents.According to the spraying technique the kT 50 and the mortality of 24hr.for C.pipiens, housefly and B. germanica were also superior to above mention two agents, therefore, The result showed that d-eyphenothrin possessed a very effective knockdown action and killing activity for C. pipiens, housefly and B. germanica.
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