Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Zhengzhou, China from 2005 to 2015 and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of the disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the surveillance data of HFRS in Zhengzhou city from 2005 to 2015, prevalence and the composition of the comparative data are statistically described. Results A total of 70 cases of HFRS were reported in Zhengzhou city, 2005-2015, the average annual incidence was 0.079 per 100 000; the disease mainly occurred in winter and spring. The cases in Zhongmu, Xingyang, Jinshui districts accounted for 28.57%, 18.57%, and 12.86% respectively and significantly higher than other regions. The 72.86% of total cases were over 40 years old; the ratio of male to female cases was 3.38:1; most cases were farmers and industrial workers. Conclusion In recent years the incidences of epidemic HFRS were scattered in Zhengzhou city, it is necessary to take deratization and health education.