Abstract: Chagas disease (also known as American trypanosomiasis) is a zoonosis caused by the flagellate protozoa trypanosomiasis, and the transmission of this disease depends on the blood-sucking insects belonging to Triatominae, Reduviidae, Hemiptera. This subfamily currently contains 154 species, which are widely distributed in various countries around the world. Triatominae species with different living habits and tolerance levels have different distribution ranges, and correct taxonomy can construct the global distribution range of different species, so that targeted measures can be taken to control Chagas disease to the greatest extent. Traditional taxonomic identification mainly relies on morphological observation, but for some species with great similarity in morphological characteristics, the dependence on morphological identification alone often leads to some errors, and in this case, genetic methods with higher accuracy are needed for confirmation. Genetic methods include cytogenetics and molecular genetics, and with the advantages of convenience, low costs, and accuracy, cytogenetics has become the most commonly used method for the taxonomic identification of Triatominae species.

Key words: Chagas disease, Triatominae, Cytogenetics

摘要： 恰加斯病（又名美洲锥虫病）是一种由鞭毛体原虫-克氏锥虫引起的人兽共患病，这种病的传播依赖于一类隶属半翅目、猎蝽科、锥猎蝽亚科的吸血昆虫。该亚科目前共包含154个物种，它们广泛分布于全球的各个国家。不同锥猎蝽亚科物种由于生活习性和耐受力的不同，它们的分布范围也有所差异，正确分类可以构建出不同物种在全球的分布范围，从而采取针对性措施，最大程度地控制恰加斯病的流行。传统的物种分类鉴定主要依赖于形态学观察，但对于一些在外形特征上具有较大相似性的物种来说，单纯依赖于形态学鉴定往往会产生一些错误，在这种情况下，就需要准确性更高的遗传学方法来进行确认。遗传学方法包括细胞遗传学与分子遗传学，细胞遗传学方法由于其方便、经济、准确等特点，成为锥猎蝽亚科物种的分类鉴定方法中最常用的方法。

关键词: 恰加斯病, 锥猎蝽亚科, 细胞遗传学