Abstract:

Objective To investigate mosquito population variation in Jiangsu province, China from 2008 to 2018, and to provide a basis for mosquito control in Jiangsu province. Methods We collected adult mosquito surveillance data obtained using the lamp trapping method at provincial surveillance sites in Jiangsu from 2008 to 2018 to analyze mosquito population variation in urban and rural areas in Jiangsu. The pairwise Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. Results The mosquito density in urban areas, rural areas, and the whole province in Jiangsu from 2008 to 2018 was 7.53, 61.26, and 28.26 mosquitoes/light·night, respectively; in general, the annual mosquito density showed an increasing trend in urban areas, but a decreasing trend in rural areas and the whole province. In the three types of habitats in urban areas, i.e., residential areas, parks, and hospitals, parks were dominant habitats; in the two types of habitats in rural areas, i.e., civilian residences and livestock sheds, livestock sheds were dominant habitats, which were also absolutely dominant habitats among the five types of habitats mentioned above, with a mosquito density over seven times that in other four types of habitats. In the 11 years, the pooled mosquito density by month showed a single-peak variation in urban areas, rural areas, and the whole province, with a peak density in July (17.81, 235.23, and 101.95 mosquitoes/light·night, respectively, for the above three areas); in mosquito seasons, the mosquito density by month in rural areas was 1.50-13.20 times that in urban areas. The composition of mosquito populations in Jiangsu province was mainly Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, An. lesteri, and Armigeres subalbatus; Cx. pipiens pallens was the absolutely dominant species in urban areas; in rural areas and the whole province, the dominant species was Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in most of the 11 years and was Cx. pipiens pallens in the other few years. In most of the 11 years, the density of Cx. pipiens pallens in rural areas was about 2 times that in urban areas, with a significant difference between the two (χ²=15.783, P<0.01); in each of the 11 years, the density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in rural areas was over 10 times that in urban areas, with a significant difference between the two (χ²=15.783, P <0.01); the density of the two dominant species showed a single-peak seasonal variation, with a peak density in July. Except for the dominant species, the pooled density by month of other four species was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Conclusion Remarkable achievements have been made in mosquito control in rural areas in Jiangsu province, while more efforts are needed in urban areas. The focus of mosquito control in rural areas should be livestock sheds and dominant mosquito species; effective surveillance of Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus remains to be pushed forward. The pooled mosquito densities by year and month over the 11 years can provide a preliminary reference for the initiation of mosquito control in Jiangsu province.

Key words: Mosquito, Population variation, Habitat, Mosquito control

摘要：

目的 了解江苏省2008－2018年蚊虫种群的消长情况，为江苏省的蚊虫控制提供依据。方法 收集整理江苏省省级监测点2008－2018年采用诱蚊灯法获得的成蚊监测数据，分析城区及农村蚊虫种群消长特征。采用成对Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验法进行统计分析。结果 江苏省2008－2018年城区、农村、全省的合计蚊密度分别为7.53、61.26和28.26只/（灯·夜），其中城区蚊密度年际消长总体呈上升趋势，农村及全省蚊密度年际消长总体呈下降趋势。居民区、公园和医院3类城区生境中，公园为优势生境；民房和牲畜棚2类农村生境中，牲畜棚为优势生境，且在5类生境中占绝对优势，蚊密度是其他4类生境的7倍以上。11年中，城区、农村和全省的月份合计蚊密度均呈现单峰型消长，密度最高峰出现在7月，高峰期蚊密度分别为17.81、235.23和101.95只/（灯·夜）；蚊虫活动季节各月份农村蚊密度是城区的1.50～13.20倍。江苏省蚊虫主要由淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、白纹伊蚊、中华按蚊、雷氏按蚊和骚扰阿蚊构成；城区以淡色库蚊为绝对优势种；多数年份农村、全省均以三带喙库蚊为优势种，少数年份以淡色库蚊为优势种。11年中，多数年份农村淡色库蚊密度约是城区的2倍左右，且两者差异有统计学意义（χ²=15.783，P<0.01）；各年中农村三带喙库蚊密度是城区的10倍以上，且两者差异有统计学意义（χ²=15.783，P<0.01）；两优势蚊种密度均表现为单峰型季节消长，高峰期均出现在7月。除优势种外，其他4个蚊种农村的每月合计密度均高过城区。结论 江苏省蚊虫防制成效农村提升明显，城区仍需加强；蚊虫防制要重点关注农村牲畜棚和优势蚊种的防制；白纹伊蚊和骚扰阿蚊的有效监测有待改进。11年的蚊虫总平均密度及月份平均密度，可作为江苏省蚊虫防制工作启动的初步参考。

关键词: 蚊虫, 种群消长, 生境, 蚊虫防制