Abstract: Objective To compare the rates of entry and intake of commensal rodents for poison bait boxes made of concrete and ceramic in Shenzhen, China, and the influence of different poison baits on the rates of entry and intake of commensal rodents, and to provide a scientific basis for the purchase of poison bait boxes and poison baits for deratization in Shenzhen. Methods In July 2018, the villages of Shuiku Xincun in Luohu district and Shawei in Futian district were selected as experimental points. Forty-nine groups of poison bait boxes were placed at each experimental point. Each group consisted of one concrete box and one ceramic box. The two boxes in each group were laid 0.5 m apart according to the specifications, while the space between each two groups was 5 m. For each box, poison bait was added and replaced every day, maintaining 30 g of bromadiolone poison grains or 2 pieces of bromadiolone wax bait (15 g each). We observed and recorded regularly every day, for 9 days in Shuiku Xincun and 10 days in Shawei. Statistical analysis of the recorded data was performed using chi-square test. Results The mean rates of entry for concrete and ceramic poison bait boxes were 35.88% and 24.70%, respectively, showing a significant difference (χ²=27.510, P<0.001), while the mean rates of intake for concrete and ceramic poison bait boxes were 17.08% and 6.87%, respectively, also showing a significant difference (χ²=45.977, P<0.001). The mean rates of entry for boxes containing bromadiolone poison grains and bromadiolone wax bait were 7.55% and 11.84%, respectively, giving a significant difference (χ²=5.140, P=0.023), while the mean rates of intake for boxes containing the above two baits were 5.51% and 9.59%, respectively, also giving significant difference (χ²=5.847, P=0.016). The mean rates of entry and intake of commensal rodents for poison bait boxes in different placement positions were 53.33% vs 35.14% (χ²=12.547, P<0.001), and 26.67% vs 13.78% (χ²=10.689, P=0.001), respectively. In this experiment, the rates of entry and intake for the concrete poison bait box were better than those for the ceramic poison bait box, while the rates of entry and intake for boxes containing bromadiolone wax bait were better than those for boxes containing bromadiolone poison grains. In addition, the poison bait boxes near the rodent hole had higher rates of entry and intake than those not close to the hole. Conclusion In this experiment, when the outdoor poison bait was used in the residential area of the experimental area, the acceptability of the concrete poison bait box to commensal rodents and the rate of intake of the poison bait were significantly better than those for the ceramic poison bait box. The commensal rodents preferred the poison bait boxes containing bromadiolone wax bait during feeding process. Concrete poison bait boxes and bromadiolone wax bait should be selected as a priority in the rodent control activities in Shenzhen.

Key words: Poison bait box, Rate of entry, Rate of intake

摘要： 目的 比较深圳市家栖鼠类对混泥土和陶瓷材料毒鼠屋之间的进屋率、取食率的差异性，以及不同毒饵对家栖鼠进屋率、取食率的影响，为深圳市在灭鼠活动中采购毒鼠屋及毒饵提供科学依据。方法 2018年7月分别选取深圳市罗湖区水库新村和福田区沙尾村为实验点，每个实验点布放49组毒鼠屋，每组由1个混泥土毒鼠屋和1个陶瓷毒鼠屋组成，按规范两屋相距0.5 m布放，组间距5 m。每个毒鼠屋每天添加及更换毒饵，保持溴鼠灵毒谷30 g或溴敌隆蜡块2块（每块15 g），每天定时观察、记录，其中水库新村观察9 d，沙尾村观察10 d。采用χ²检验等对数据进行统计学分析。结果 混泥土和陶瓷毒鼠屋平均进屋率及平均取食率分别为35.88%和24.70%及17.08%和6.87%，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=27.510，P<0.001；χ²=45.977，P<0.001）；装有溴鼠灵毒谷和溴敌隆蜡块的毒鼠屋平均进屋率及平均取食率分别为7.55%和11.84%及5.51%和9.59%，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=5.140，P=0.023；χ²=5.847，P=0.016）；家栖鼠对不同布放位置毒鼠屋的平均进屋率及平均取食率分别为53.33%和35.14%及26.67%和13.78%，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=12.547，P<0.001；χ²=10.689，P=0.001）。在实验中，混泥土毒鼠屋的进屋率和取食率要优于陶瓷毒鼠屋，装有溴敌隆蜡块的毒鼠屋进屋率和取食率优于装有溴鼠灵毒谷的毒鼠屋，靠近鼠洞的毒鼠屋进屋率和取食率大于不靠近鼠洞的毒鼠屋。结论 实验区域住宅区室外投放毒饵灭鼠时，家栖鼠对混泥土毒鼠屋的接受性及屋中毒饵的取食率明显优于陶瓷毒鼠屋，取食毒饵过程中家栖鼠更倾向于装有溴敌隆蜡块的毒鼠屋。深圳市在灭鼠活动中应优先采购家栖鼠接受性较好的混泥土毒鼠屋及喜好程度较高的溴敌隆蜡块毒饵。

关键词: 毒鼠屋, 进屋率, 取食率