综述

亚非部分地区蜱及蜱传疾病的分布概述

展开
  • 1. 青海大学农牧学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农业国家重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016;
    3. 青海省循化撒拉族自治县畜牧兽医站, 青海 海东 811100;
    4. 果洛藏族自治州动物疫病预防控制中心, 青海 果洛 814000;
    5. 青海省班玛县江日堂乡畜牧兽医工作站, 青海 果洛 814300
胡晓宇,女,在读硕士,主要从事预防兽医学研究,E-mail:YS210906010479@qhu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2022-12-12

  网络出版日期: 2023-06-16

基金资助

对发展中国家科技援助项目(KY201904013);青海省科学技术厅科技国际合作专项(2021-HZ-801);青海省农业农村厅兽医局科研基金(NMSY-2021-02);青海省重大科技专项基金(2019-NK-A2)

Distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in some regions of Asia and Africa

Expand
  • 1. College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China;
    3. Qinghai Xunhua Salar Autonomous County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Haidong, Qinghai 811100, China;
    4. Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Animal Epidemic Disease Prevention Control Center, Golog, Qinghai 814000, China;
    5. Qinghai Province Banma County Jiangri Tang Township Animal Husbandry and Veterinarian Workstation, Golog, Qinghai 814300, China

Received date: 2022-12-12

  Online published: 2023-06-16

Supported by

Conventional Scientific and Technological Assistance Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China for Developing Countries (No. KY201904013); Special Project for Scientific and Technological International Cooperation of the Science and Technology Department, Qinghai Province (No. 2021-HZ-801); Veterinary Bureau Scientific Research Foundation of Qinghai Province (No. NMSY-2021-02); Science and Technology Major Project of Qinghai Province (No. 2019-NK-A2)

摘要

蜱可以传播多种病原体,对人类和动物有着严重的危害。为给亚非地区候鸟迁徙沿线的蒙古国、中国[仅收集候鸟迁徙沿线的新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)和青海省2个代表性省份信息]、巴基斯坦及埃及的蜱及蜱传疾病防治奠定理论基础,该文对上述国家近5年的蜱及蜱媒病原体的相关文献资料进行整理。经整理发现,巴基斯坦境内的蜱种类最为丰富,有51种;中国新疆、中国青海、埃及和蒙古国依次排在其后,其中蒙古国最少,仅有11种。上述国家报道的蜱类大部分属于硬蜱科;报道的蜱媒病原体大部分是人兽共患病原体,如无形体、立克次体和柯克斯体等。鸟类是蜱类的宿主之一和蜱媒病原体的潜在携带者,上述国家位于候鸟东非-西亚迁徙线上,候鸟的迁徙可能在一定程度上推动了该区域蜱和蜱媒病原体的扩散。

本文引用格式

胡晓宇, 李增魁, 李中余, 耿鹏程, 张淑云, 高栋, 刘培琪, 李浩林, 何永彩, 蒋硕, 陈强, 康明, 李积旭, 李英 . 亚非部分地区蜱及蜱传疾病的分布概述[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023 , 34(3) : 428 -439 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.03.025

Abstract

Ticks can transmit a wide range of pathogens, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. In order to lay the theoretical foundation for tick control in Asia and Africa, we review the reports published in the past five years on ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Mongolia, China (only Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai province), Pakistan, and Egypt along the migration routes of migratory birds. The highest number of tick species (51) were reported in Pakistan, followed by Xinjiang and Qinghai of China, Egypt, and Mongolia. Only 11 tick species were reported in Mongolia. Most of the ticks found in these regions belonged to the family Ixodidae. The majority of reported tick-borne pathogens were zoonotic, including the genera of Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Coxiella. Birds are hosts of various ticks and potential carriers of tick-borne pathogens. Therefore, the migration of birds from East Africa to West Asia may facilitate the spread of ticks and tick-borne pathogens along these regions.

参考文献

[1] Elhelw R,Elhariri M,Hamza D,et al. Evidence of the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and associated ticks in Egypt[J]. BMC Vet Res,2021,17(1):49. DOI:10.1186/s12917-020-02733-5.
[2] 周园春,唐明洁,崔鹏,等. 面向青海湖区域候鸟迁徙行为数据挖掘算法的研究与实现[J]. 科研信息化技术与应用,2010,1(3):38-49.Zhou YC,Tang MJ,Cui P,et al. Research and implementation on data mining algorithm for bird migratory behavior in Qinghai Lake[J]. e-Sci Technol Appl,2010,1(3):38-49. (in Chinese)
[3] 于辉,孔令达,陈冠春. 候鸟迁徙与人类健康[J]. 畜牧兽医科技信息,2004(3):15-16. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6027. 2004. 03.006.Yu H,Kong LD,Chen GC. Migration of migratory birds and human health[J]. Chin J Animal Husb Vet Med,2004(3):15-16. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6027.2004.03.006.(in Chinese)
[4] 李娟,林栩慧,陈志虹,等. 侯鸟携带蜱及蜱传播疾病流行概况[J]. 动物医学进展,2019,40(6):107-111. DOI:10.16437/j.cnki.1007-5038.2019.06.020.Li J,Lin XH,Chen ZH,et al. Epidemic status of tick and tick-borne diseases associated with wild birds[J]. Progr Vet Med,2019,40(6):107-111. DOI:10.16437/j.cnki.1007-5038.2019. 06.020.(in Chinese)
[5] 王茜. 新疆蜱携病毒谱解析与斑点热感染病例分析[D]. 石河子:石河子大学,2018.Wang Q. Analysis of the virus of tick species and tick-borne rickettsiae infection cases in Xinjiang[D]. Shihezi:Shihezi University,2018. (in Chinese)
[6] Li ZF,Bao CJ,Hu JL,et al. Ecology of the tick-borne Phlebovirus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in an endemic area of China[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2016,10(4):e0004574. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004574.PMID:27035712.
[7] De La Fuente J,Estrada-Peña A,Cabezas-Cruz A,et al. Flying ticks:Anciently evolved associations that constitute a risk of infectious disease spread[J]. Parasit Vectors,2015,8(1):538. DOI:10.1186/s13071-015-1154-1.PMID:26467109.
[8] Černý J,Buyannemekh B,Needham T,et al. Hard ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Mongolia:A review[J]. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis,2019,10(6):101268. DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101268.
[9] 唐莉娟,王远志,刘丹,等. 新疆主要蜱种分布及蜱传病原的研究进展[J]. 中国动物传染病学报,2022,30(4):211-216. DOI:10.19958/j.cnki.cn31-2031/s.2022.04.026.Tang LJ,Wang YZ,Liu D,et al. Tick distribution in Xinjiang and research progress of tick-borne diseases[J]. Chin J Anim Infect Dis,2022,30(4):211-216. DOI:10.19958/j.cnki.cn31-2031/s.2022.04.026.(in Chinese)
[10] Hussain S,Hussain A,Rehman A,et al. Spatio-temporal distribution of identified tick species from small and large ruminants of Pakistan[J]. Biologia,2022,114(6):1563-1573. DOI:10.1007/S11756-021-00865-Z.
[11] 中非贸易研究中心. 埃及农业现状及发展方向[J]. 世界热带农业信息,2018(10):28.China-Africa Trade Research Center. Current situation and development direction of agriculture in Egypt[J]. World Trop Agric Inf,2018(10):28. (in Chinese)
[12] Abdel-Ghany HSM,Abdel-Shafy S,Abuowarda M,et al. Acaricidal activity of Artemisia herba-alba and Melia azedarach oil nanoemulsion against Hyalomma dromedarii and their toxicity on Swiss albino mice[J]. Exp Appl Acarol,2021,84(1):241-262. DOI:10.1007/s10493-021-00618-2.
[13] Narankhajid M,Yeruult C,Gurbadam A,et al. Some aspects on tick species in Mongolia and their potential role in the transmission of equine piroplasms,Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi L.[J]. Parasitol Res,2018,117(11):3557-3566. DOI:10.1007/s00436-018-6053-x.
[14] 刘继荣,米来,王平福,等. 准噶尔盆地硬蜱区系考察与名录记述[J]. 中国动物传染病学报,2013,21(1):60-65. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6422.2013.01.011.Liu JR,Mi L,Wang PF,et al. Faunal distribution and checklist of ticks in the Junggar Basin[J]. Chin J Vet Parasitol,2013,21(1):60-65. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6422.2013.01.011.(in Chinese)
[15] 张璘. 新疆北疆地区蜱种分布及蜱源性病原检测方法的建立[D]. 石河子:石河子大学,2014.Zhang L. Study on geographical distribution and detection pathogeny of ticks,north of Xinjiang[D]. Shihezi:Shihezi University,2014. (in Chinese)
[16] 王真. 新疆部分革蜱种属鉴定、遗传进化分析及其携带牛巴贝斯虫的血清学检测[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.Wang Z. The identification and evolutionary analysis of portion Dermacentor species,and serology detected its carrying Babesiosis in Xinjiang[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014. (in Chinese)
[17] 贵有军,史深,罗勇军,等. 新疆蜱传疾病及蜱媒防制[J/OL]. 中国动物传染病学报,2021:1-8.(2021-04-22)[2022-02-20]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.2031.S.20210422.1618.002.html.Gui YJ,Shi S,Luo YJ,et al. Tick-borne diseases and tick control in Xinjiang[J/OL]. Chin J Anim Infect Dis,2021:1-8.(2021-04-22)[2022-02-20]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.2031.S.20210422.1618.002.html.(in Chinese)
[18] 张桂林,郑重,孙响,等. 新疆地区常见蜱种生态景观分布调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(5):432-435. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.05.003.Zhang GL,Zheng Z,Sun X,et al. A survey of tick species and its distribution with the landscape structure in Xinjiang[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2016,27(5):432-435. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.05.003.(in Chinese)
[19] 姜蒙蒙,杨梅花,王远志,等. 新疆准噶尔盆地蜱种调查及DNA条形码应用[J]. 石河子大学学报:自然科学版,2019,37(5):575-579. DOI:10.13880/j.cnki.65-1174/n.2019.22.001.Jiang MM,Yang MH,Wang YZ,et al. Investigation of ticks and application of DNA barcode in Junggar Basin,Xinjiang[J]. J Shihezi Univ:Nat Sci,2019,37(5):575-579. DOI:10.13880/j.cnki.65-1174/n.2019.22.001.(in Chinese)
[20] 唐莉娟,刘丹,卜三平. 新疆南疆边境地区优势蜱种及其基因多样性分析[J]. 吉林畜牧兽医,2020,41(10):92-93. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2078.2020.10.075.Tang LJ,Liu D,Bu SP,et al. Analysis of dominant tick species and their genetic diversity in the border areas of southern Xinjiang[J]. Jilin Anim Husb Vet Med,2020,41(10):92-93. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2078.2020.10.075.(in Chinese)
[21] 邓岗领,蒋卫,叶瑞玉,等. 新疆叶尔羌河流域蜱螨区系调查报告[J]. 地方病通报,1999,14(3):58-57.Deng GL,Jiang W,Ye RY,et al. The Fauna of ticks and mites in the Yeerqiang River valley in Xinjiang,China[J]. Endem Dis Bull,1999,14(3):58-57. (in Chinese)
[22] 韩蓉. 青海省硬蜱多样性及蜱传病原基因多态性研究[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院,2018.Han R. Studies on species diversity of ticks and gene polymorphism of tick-borne pathogens in Qinghai province[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2018. (in Chinese)
[23] 简莹娜,张学勇,李秀萍,等. 青海省海北州不同地区蜱及蜱传病原的分子生物学鉴定[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志,2020,50(2):35-42. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-7950.2020.02.006.Jian YN,Zhang XY,Li XP,et al. Identification of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in different areas of Haibei of Qinghai province[J]. Chin Qinghai J Anim Vet Sci,2020,50(2):35-42. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-7950.2020.02.006.(in Chinese)
[24] 杨银书,第五进学,曹健,等. 青海省蜱的种类与地理分布[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2008,14(3):201-203. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2781.2008.03.018.Yang YS,Diwu JX,Cao J,et al. Investigation on kinds and nature geographic distribution of ticks in Qinghai province[J]. Chin J Hyg Insectic Equip,2008,14(3):201-203. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2781.2008.03.018.(in Chinese)
[25] 王晓润,冬梅. 青海省蜱类及其传播疾病的调查情况[J]. 四川畜牧兽医,2009,36(6):36. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8964. 2009.06.018.Wang XR,Dong M. Investigation of ticks and their spreading diseases in Qinghai province[J]. Sichuan Anim Vet Sci,2009,36(6):36. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8964.2009.06.018.(in Chinese)
[26] 罗军,李超,郑谊. 青海省三江源地区吸虱及蜱类调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(2):182.Luo J,Li C,Zheng Y. The investigation of sucking louse and tick in Sanjiangyuan area[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2009,20(2):182. (in Chinese)
[27] 李英. 青海省主要蜱种形态学及蜱传疫病分子流行病学研究[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.Li Y. Research on main ticks morphology and ticks borne disease in Qinghai province,China[D]. Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2015. (in Chinese)
[28] 齐福祥,杨俭,王大虎. 青海东部地区羊体寄生蜱调查[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志,1991(4):16.Qi FX,Yang J,Wang DH. Investigation of sheep parasitic ticks in eastern Qinghai[J]. Chin Qinghai J Anim Vet Sci,1991(4):16. (in Chinese)
[29] Ghafar A,Abbas T,Rehman A,et al. Systematic review of ticks and tick-borne pathogens of small ruminants in Pakistan[J]. Pathogens,2020,9(11):937. DOI:10.3390/pathogens9110937.
[30] Ghafar A,Cabezas-Cruz A,Galon C,et al. Bovine ticks harbour a diverse array of microorganisms in Pakistan[J]. Parasit Vectors,2020,13(1):1. DOI:10.1186/s13071-019-3862-4.
[31] Zeb J,Szekeres S,Takács N,et al. Genetic diversity,piroplasms and trypanosomes in Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum collected from cattle in northern Pakistan[J]. Exp Appl Acarol,2019,79(2):233-243. DOI:10.1007/s10493-019-00418-9.
[32] Rehman A,Nijhof AM,Sauter-Louis C,et al. Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan[J]. Parasit Vectors,2017,10(1):190. DOI:10.1186/s13071-017-2138-0.
[33] Ali A,Numan M,Khan M,et al. Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) ticks associated with a Rickettsia sp. in Pakistan[J]. Parasit Vectors,2022,15(1):138. DOI:10.1186/s13071-022-05248-0.
[34] Ghafar MW,Amer SA. Prevalence and first molecular characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum,the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis,in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks attached to dogs from Egypt[J]. J Adv Res,2012,3(2):189-194. DOI:10.1016/j.jare.2011.08.002.
[35] Selim A,Almohammed H,Abdelhady A,et al. Molecular detection and risk factors for Anaplasma platys infection in dogs from Egypt[J]. Parasit Vectors,2021,14(1):429. DOI:10.1186/s13071-021-04943-8.
[36] Guneidy RA,Amer MA,El Hakim AE,et al. Effect of polyphenols extracted from Punica granatum and Acacia saligna plants on glutathione S-transferase of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Acari:Ixodidae)[J]. J Parasit Dis,2021,45(2):524-538. DOI:10.1007/s12639-020-01323-4.
[37] El Hakim AE,Shahein YE,Abouelella AMK,et al. Purification and characterization of two larval glycoproteins from the cattle tick,Boophilus annulatus[J]. J Vet Sci,2007,8(2):175-80. DOI:10.4142/jvs.2007.8.2.175.
[38] Ghoneim NH,Abdel-Moein KA,Zaher HM,et al. Investigation of Ixodidae ticks infesting camels at slaughterhouse and its potential role in transmitting Coxiella burnetii in Egypt[J]. Small Ruminant Res,2020,191:106173. DOI:10.1016/j.smallrumres. 2020.106173.
[39] Masoud HMM,Helmy MS,Darwish DA,et al. Apyrase with anti-platelet aggregation activity from the nymph of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii[J]. Exp Appl Acarol,2020,80(3):349-361. DOI:10.1007/s10493-020-00471-9.
[40] Ibrahim WS,Mohamed FSA,Samie EMA,et al. Assessment of anti-cancer potential of Hyalomma dromedarii salivary glands extract:In vitro study[J]. Biologia,2021,76(4):1215-1225. DOI:10.2478/s11756-020-00634-4.
[41] Toaleb NI,Gabr HSM,El-Shafy SA,et al. Evaluation of vaccine candidates purified from the adult ticks of Ornithodoros savignyi (Acari:Argasidae) and Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari:Ixodidae) against tick infestations[J]. J Parasit Dis,2019,43(2):246-255. DOI:10.1007/s12639-018-01082-3.
[42] Abdel GHSM,Fahmy MM,Abuowarda MM,et al. In vitro acaricidal effect of Melia azedarach and Artemisia herba-alba extracts on Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari:Ixodidae):Embryonated eggs and engorged nymphs[J]. J Parasit Dis,2019,43(4):696-710. DOI:10.1007/s12639-019-01149-9.
[43] Abdullah HHAM,El-Molla A,Salib FA,et al. Morphological and molecular identification of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari:Ixodidae) vectors of Rickettsioses in Egypt[J]. Vet World,2016,9(10):1087-1101. DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2016.1087-1101.
[44] Abdel-Shafy S,Allam NAT,Mediannikov O,et al. Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae associated with ixodid ticks in Egypt[J]. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis,2012,12(5):346-359. DOI:10.1089/vbz.2010.0241.
[45] Sobhy AS,Nesreen ATA. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR detection of flaviviruses associated with camel ticks in Egypt[J]. Global Vet,2013,10(4):394-402. DOI:10.5829/idosi.gv.2013. 10.4.7235.
[46] Adham FK,Abd-El-Samie EM,Gabre RM,et al. Detection of tick blood parasites in Egypt using PCR assay I-Babesia bovis and B. bigemina[J]. Parasitol Res,2009,105(3):721-730. DOI:10. 1007/s00436-009-1443-8.
[47] Ghoneim NH,Abdel-Moein KA,Zaher HM. Molecular detection of Francisella spp. among ticks attached to camels in Egypt[J]. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis,2017,17(6):384-387. DOI:10.1089/vbz.2016.2100.
[48] Adham FK,El-Samie-Abd EM,Gabre RM,et al. Detection of tick blood parasites in Egypt using PCR assay II:Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato[J]. J Egypt Soc Parasitol,2010,40(3):553-564.
[49] Khater HF,Seddiek SA,El-Shorbagy MM,et al. Erratum to:The acaricidal efficacy of peracetic acid and deltamethrin against the fowl tick,Argas persicus,infesting laying hens[J]. Parasitol Res,2013,112(10):3669-3678. DOI:10.1007/s00436-013-3563-4.
[50] Li JX,Jian YN,Jia LJ,et al. Molecular characterization of tick-borne bacteria and protozoans in yaks (Bos grunniens),Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area,China[J]. Ticks Tick Borne Dis,2020,11(5):101466. DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101466.
[51] 邵锡如,拉雅,成鹰,等. 青海省检出首例蜱传出血热病毒抗体[J]. 青海医药杂志,1994(2):3-4.Shao XR,La Y,Cheng Y,et al. The first tick-borne hemorrhagic fever virus antibody was detected in Qinghai province[J]. Qinghai Med J,1994(2):3-4. (in Chinese)
[52] Dai XY,Shang GB,Lu S,et al. A new subtype of eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus discovered in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J]. Emerg Microbes Infect,2018,7(1):1-9. DOI:10.1038/s41426-018-0081-6.
[53] 方耀辉. 青海省草原革蜱携带新型的RNA病毒的调查[D]. 武汉:中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉病毒研究所),2019.Fang YH. Novel RNA viruses are harbored by Dermacentor nuttalli ticks from Qinghai province[D]. Wuhan:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wuhan Institute of Virology,CAS),2019. (in Chinese)
[54] Abdullah HHAM,El-Shanawany EE,Abdel-Shafy S,et al. Molecular and immunological characterization of Hyalomma dromedarii and Hy. excavatum (Acari:Ixodidae) vectors of Q fever in camels.[J]. Vet World,2018,11(8):1109-1119. DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2018.1109-1119.
[55] Abdullah HHAM,Hussein HA,El-Razik KAA,et al. Q fever:A neglected disease of camels in Giza and Cairo provinces,Egypt[J]. Vet World,2019,12(12):1945-1950. DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2019.1945-1950.
[56] Abdullah HHAM,Elbayoumy MK,Allam AM,et al. Molecular epidemiology of certain vector-borne bacterial microorganisms in domestic animals and their ectoparasites in Egypt[J]. Trop Anim Health Prod,2021,53(5):484. DOI:10.1007/s11250-021-02911-z.
[57] 陈泽. 中国蜱类的系统分类及两种硬蜱的生物学特性分析[D]. 石家庄:河北师范大学,2010.Chen Z. Taxonomic and systematic research of Chinese ticks and biological characteristic analysis of two hard tick species[D]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2010. (in Chinese)
[58] 王淑芬. 肝簇虫病[J]. 中国兽医杂志,1990,16(11):48-49.Wang SF. Hepatozoonosis[J]. Chin J Vet Med,1990,16(11):48-49. (in Chinese)
[59] 张德才,张仲秋,洪源,等. 莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体在黑线姬鼠体内垂直传播的证实[J]. 中国人兽共患病杂志,1993,9(3):7-8.Zhang DC,Zhang ZQ,Hong Y,et al. First proof of Borrelia burgdorferi on vertical transmission in Apodemus agrarius[J]. Chin J Zoonoses,1993,9(3):7-8. (in Chinese)
[60] 于志军,刘敬泽. 蜱传疾病及其媒介蜱类研究进展[J]. 应用昆虫学报,2015,52(5):1072-1081. DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095?1353.2015.128.Yu ZJ,Liu JZ. Progress in research on tick-borne diseases and vector ticks[J]. Chin J Appl Entomol,2015,52(5):1072-1081. DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095?1353.2015.128. (in Chinese)
[61] Awad M,Sharaf A,Elrahman TA,et al. The first report for the presence of Spiroplasma and Rickettsia in red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) in Egypt[J]. Acta Parasitol,2021,66(2):593-604. DOI:10.1007/s11686-020-00310-2.
[62] Hasle G. Transport of ixodid ticks and tick-borne pathogens by migratory birds[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2013,3:48. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00048.
[63] Buczek AM,Buczek W,Buczek A,et al. The potential role of migratory birds in the rapid spread of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in the changing climatic and environmental conditions in Europe[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2020,17(6):2117. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17062117.
[64] Wilhelmsson P,Jaenson TGT,Olsen B,et al. Migratory birds as disseminators of ticks and the tick-borne pathogens Borrelia bacteria and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus:A seasonal study at Ottenby Bird Observatory in South-eastern Sweden[J]. Parasit Vectors,2020,13(1):607. DOI:10.1186/s13071-020-04493-5.
[65] Pascucci I,Di Domenico M,Capobianco Dondona G,et al. Assessing the role of migratory birds in the introduction of ticks and tick-borne pathogens from African countries:An Italian experience[J]. Ticks Tick-borne Dis,2019,10(6):101272. DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101272.
文章导航

/