Objective To investigate the laboratory efficacy (killing effect, chain-killing effect, and the effect of food source on chain-killing effect) against Blattella germanica of four cockroach-killing gel baits (2.15% imidacloprid gel bait, 1.00% chlorpyrifos gel bait, 0.50% dinotefuran gel bait, and 0.05% fipronil gel bait) of the same brand. Methods According to the national standard methods (GB/T 13917.7-2009), the laboratory efficacy of the four gel baits was tested; the chain-killing effect was tested by feeding live cockroaches with dead ones killed by the gel baits; the influence of food source on chain-killing effect was tested by feeding live cockroaches with bait-killed cockroaches mixed with cat food. The data were recorded in Excel 2007 software. DPS V 9.01 software was used to calculate the median lethal time (LT50), 95% confidence interval (CI), and toxicity regression equation of B. germanica, and the significance of LT50 was analyzed, if 95% CI of LT50 ratio of two baits included 1, there was no significant difference in LT50 between the two baits. Results In the laboratory efficacy test, the LT50 values of 2.15% imidacloprid gel bait, 1.00% chlorpyrifos gel bait, 0.50% dinotefuran gel bait, and 0.05% fipronil gel bait were 2.823 9 (2.581 8-3.079 0) d, 0.745 5 (0.603 4-0.890 3) d, 0.793 5 (0.630 9-0.959 3) d, and 0.846 5 (0.464 7-1.228 0) d, respectively; only the imidacloprid group showed significant differences from the other three groups (95% CI of LT50 ratio of two baits did not include 1). In the chain efficacy experiment, the mortality rate on day 30 was >98.00% for all the four baits; the LT50 values of the four gel baits were 6.012 4 (5.229 7-6.754 5) d, 2.459 0 (1.982 1-2.940 2) d, 3.654 1 (3.150 1-4.145 6) d, and 4.589 3 (4.064 6-5.088 8) d, respectively; multiple comparisons showed significant differences between any two baits (95% CI of LT50 ratio of two baits did not include 1). After adding cat food for all the four baits, the chain-killing effect was significantly weakened, the mortality rate was decreased, and the LT50 was increased (95% CI of post-pre LT50 ratio did not include 1); the inhibition ratios were 1.21, 9.80, 2.77, and 2.07 times, respectively. Conclusion The four cockroach-killing gel baits show good laboratory efficacy, and 1.00% chlorpyrifos gel bait, 0.50% dinotefuran gel bait, and 0.05% fipronil gel bait can kill cockroaches quickly. It is necessary to control the interference of food source on the gel bait when control cockroaches. Alternative use of gel baits of different constituents can achieve a better killing effect.
[1] 梁军辉,任东,叶青培,等. 中国蜚蠊目昆虫化石研究[J]. 动物分类学报,2006,31(1):102-108. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-0739.2006.01.015. Liang JH,Ren D,Ye QP,et al. The fossil Blattaria of China:a review of present knowledge[J]. Acta Zootaxonom Sin,2006,31(1):102-108. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0739.2006.01.015.
[2] 冯平章,郭予元,吴福祯. 中国蟑螂种类及防治[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社,1997:4-15. Feng PZ,Guo YY,Wu FZ. Species and control of cockroaches in China[M]. Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press,1997:4-15.
[3] Oliva GR,Díaz C,González OF,et al. Blatella germanica as a possible cockroach vector of micro-organisms in a hospital[J]. J Hosp Infect,2010,74(1):93-95. DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.09.002.
[4] La Grutta S,Cibella F,Passalacqua G,et al. Association of Blattella germanica sensitization with atopic diseases in pediatric allergic patients[J]. Pediatr Allergy Immunol,2011,22(5):521-527. DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01128.x.
[5] Sanei Dehkordi A,Salim Abadi Y,Nasirian N,et al. Synergists action of piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate on toxicity of carbamate insecticides against Blattella germanica[J]. Asian Pac J Trop Med,2017,10(10):981-986. DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.09.010.
[6] 陈红娜,周明浩,张爱军,等. 呋虫胺对德国小蠊的杀灭效果研究[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2017,23(6):520-521,524. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.06.007. Chen HN,Zhou MH,Zhang AJ,et al. Efficacy of dinotefuran against Blattella germanica[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2017,23(6):520-521,524. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.06.007.
[7] 周景梅,贾炜,郁杨,等. 影响灭蟑胶饵使用质量因素的探讨[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(2):131-135. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.02.007. Zhou JM,Jia W,Yu Y,et al. Study on evaluation factors of cockroach gel bait[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2015,21(2):131-135. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.02.007.
[8] 欧阳颐,林康明,李华,等. 5种胶饵对德国小蠊实验室连锁杀灭效果的研究[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2018,24(5):430-432. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.05.004. Ouyang Y,Lin KM,Li H,et al. Laboratory chain efficacy of five kinds of gel bait against Blattella germanica[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2018,24(5):430-432. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.05.004.
[9] 吕鸿雁,孙锦程,郝蕙玲. 5种吡虫啉胶饵保湿防霉性能测评及其对德国小蠊的药效测试[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2019,25(2):102-104. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.002. Lyu HY,Sun JC,Hao HL. Evaluation of moisture retention and mildew resistance of five imidacloprid gel baits and their efficacy on Blattella germanica[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2019,25(2):102-104. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.002.
[10] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 13917.7-2009农药登记用卫生杀虫剂室内药效试验及评价第7部分:饵剂[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2009. General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of China. GB/T 13917.7-2009 Laboratory efficacy test methods and criterions of public health insecticides for pesticide registration-Part 7:Bait[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2009.
[11] 李雨春,杜尊伟,王学忠,等. ICEstimator在蚊虫毒理学半数致死浓度计算上的应用[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(6):558-560. Li YC,Du ZW,Wang XZ,et al. Application of ICEstimator in the mosquito toxicology to calculate median lethal concentration[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2009,20(6):558-560.
[12] 胡锡琴,乔雷,林飞,等. 配伍赤芍对马钱子LD50和镇痛作用的影响[J]. 陕西中医学院学报,2009,32(2):57-58. DOI:10.13424/j.cnki.jsctcm.2009.02.030. Hu XQ,Qiao L,Lin F,et al. Effect of compatibility of red peony on LD50 and analgesic effect of strychnine[J]. J Shaanxi Coll Tradit Chin Med,2009,32(2):57-58. DOI:10.13424/j.cnki.jsctcm.2009.02.030.
[13] Salehi A,Vatandoost H,Hazratian T,et al. Detection of bendiocarb and carbaryl resistance mechanisms among German cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattaria:Blattellidae) collected from Tabriz hospitals,East Azerbaijan province,Iran in 2013[J]. J Arthropod-Borne Dis,2016,10(3):403-412.
[14] Chai RY,Lee CY. Insecticide resistance profiles and synergism in field populations of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera:Blattellidae) from Singapore[J]. J Econ Entomol,2010,103(2):460-471. DOI:10.1603/EC09284.
[15] Naqqash MN,Gökçe A,Bakhsh A,et al. Insecticide resistance and its molecular basis in urban insect pests[J]. Parasitol Res,2016,115(4):1363-1373. DOI:10.1007/s00436-015-4898-9.
[16] 张守刚,孙燕群,陆墨原,等. 2013-2017年南京市德国小蠊抗药性与实验室胶饵杀蟑效果分析[J]. 现代预防医学,2019,46(13):2440-2444. Zhang SG,Sun YQ,Lu MY,et al. Resistance of Blattella germanica and laboratory gel bait effect of killing cockroach in Nanjing,2013-2017[J]. Mod Prevent Med,2019,46(13):2440-2444.
[17] 钱万红,王忠灿,吴光华. 消毒杀虫灭鼠技术[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:44-45. Qian WH,Wang ZC,Wu GH. Technologies on disinfection,disinsection and deratization[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2008:44-45.
[18] 王福山,张晖,张仁敏,等. 10种杀蟑饵剂对美洲大蠊的杀灭效果研究[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2016,22(4):336-337. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2016.04.007. Wang FS,Zhang H,Zhang RM,et al. Efficacy of 10 kinds of baits against Periplaneta americana[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2016,22(4):336-337. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2016.04.007.
[19] 张龙来,唐丽萍,廖国栋,等. 3种不同有效成分杀蟑饵剂对蟑螂的药效研究[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2018,24(2):126-128. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.02.005. Zhang LL,Tang LP,Liao GD,et al. Efficacy of three kinds of cockroach bait with different active ingredient[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2018,24(2):126-128. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.02.005.
[20] Tomizawa M,Casida JE. Selective toxicity of neonicotinoids attributable to specificity of insect and mammalian nicotinic receptors[J]. Annu Rev Entomol,2003,48:339-364. DOI:10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112731.
[21] 蒋璐,王飞,陆珏磊. 氟虫腈胶饵在旧式里弄居民住宅中灭蟑效果调查[J]. 上海预防医学,2016,28(8):526-527,531. DOI:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2016.08.003. Jiang L,Wang F,Lu JL,et al. The control effect of fipronil gel bait against cockroaches in the old-style lane residence[J]. Shanghai J Prev Med,2016,28(8):526-527,531. DOI:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2016.08.003.
[22] 冯向阳,费守华. 应用胶饵防治德国小蠊的现状和研究进展[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(3):277-280. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.03.023. Feng XY,Fei SH. Current status and research progress in gel bait control of Blattella germanica in China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2014,25(3):277-280. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.03.023.
