目的 掌握上海地区白纹伊蚊及家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗性现状及抗性发展动态，为化学杀虫剂的科学、合理使用提供理论依据。方法 白纹伊蚊抗性测定采用世界卫生组织推荐的幼虫浸液法，以3龄末4龄初幼虫为测试对象；家蝇采用点滴法，以羽化3～5日龄雌蝇为测试对象。结果 所有调查监测点白纹伊蚊、家蝇对拟除虫菊酯类药剂的抗性显著高于氨基甲酸酯类和有机磷类。白纹伊蚊对双硫磷、溴氰菊酯的敏感地区占比均有所提升，分别从33.33%上升至44.44%、6.67%上升至12.50%；对高效氯氰菊酯以及残杀威均呈现抗性升高趋势，其中高效氯氰菊酯高抗地区占比由6.67%上升至20.00%；残杀威抗性地区占比高达100%。家蝇对敌敌畏抗性呈下降趋势，敏感地区占比由16.67%升至50.00%；高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯抗性地区占比呈上升趋势，尤其是溴氰菊酯高抗地区占比由84.62%上升至100%，同比上升18.20%；甲基嘧啶磷总体呈上升趋势，高抗占比升至33.33%，同比上升33.33%。结论 上海地区白纹伊蚊和家蝇已经对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类以及氨基甲酸酯类的常用药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性，建议高抗水平的药剂停用1～2年，中等抗性的药剂酌情使用，低抗性的药剂可轮换使用，进而延缓抗性的产生。
Objective To investigate the current status and development in the resistance of Aedes albopictus and Musca domestica to common insecticides in Shanghai, China, and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational use of chemical insecticides. Methods The larval dipping method recommended by WHO was used to test resistance for the late third-instar or early fourth-instar larvae of Ae. albopictus. Topical application was used to determine resistance for female M. domestica at 3-5 days post eclosion. Results At all surveillance points, the resistance of Ae. albopictus and M. domestica to pyrethroids was significantly higher than that to carbamates and organophosphates. The percentages of areas where Ae. albopictus was sensitive to temephos and deltamethrin increased from 33.33% to 44.44% and 6.67% to 12.50%, respectively; resistance to beta-cypermethrin and propoxur showed a growing trend, and the percentages of areas with high beta-cypermethrin resistance increased from 6.67% to 20.00% and propoxur-resistant areas reached 100%. For M. domestica, dichlorvos resistance showed a downward trend, and the proportions of sensitive areas grew from 16.67% to 50.00%; the percentages of areas with resistance to beta-cypermethrin and deltamethrin increased, and the latter even rose from 84.62% to 100%, increasing by 18.20% year on year; resistance to pirimiphos-methyl generally exhibited an upward trend, and the proportion of high resistance ascended to 33.33%, with an increase of 33.33% year on year. Conclusion Aedes albopictus and M. domestica in Shanghai have developed varying degrees of resistance to common insecticides such as organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates. It is recommended that insecticides with high resistance should be discontinued for 1-2 years, agents with moderate resistance should be used appropriately, and those with low resistance can be used alternately, in order to delay the development of resistance in Shanghai, China.
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