目的 调查四川省石渠县野外小兽棘球蚴感染情况，为有效防治棘球蚴病提供基础数据。方法 2016年4、6、8和10月在四川省石渠县采用夹捕法、绳套法等捕捉野外小兽并进行剖检，观察棘球蚴感染情况。应用SPSS 17.0和ArcGIS10.1软件进行数据分析和地图制作。结果 共捕获小兽4 054只，平均捕获率为10.21%（4 054/39 720），小兽平均密度为188.56只/hm2，棘球蚴感染率为4.93%（200/4 054）；其中高原鼠兔、青海田鼠和藏仓鼠捕获数分别为2 232、1 792和30只；高原鼠兔的密度和感染率均高于青海田鼠，差异有统计学意义（t=2.920，P=0.004；χ2=25.652，P=0.000）；夏季牧场小兽密度（213.28只/hm2）高于冬季牧场（158.77只/hm2），差异亦有统计学意义（t=4.340，P=0.000）。冬季牧场青海田鼠的感染率（4.69%）高于夏季牧场（2.62%），差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.061，P=0.044）。在4、6、8、10月，高原鼠兔、青海田鼠的感染率均迅速增高（χ趋势2=12.109，P=0.000；χ趋势2=3.415，P=0.038）。结论 石渠县棘球蚴感染的小兽主要是高原鼠兔和青海田鼠，且分布广、密度大，感染率高，应采取有效措施降低其传播风险。
杨诗杰, 刘辉, 李奔福, 字金荣, 彭佳, 王东, 盖瑶, 张雄英, 巴建峰, 刘启胜, 薛靖波, 肖宁
. 四川省石渠县2016年小兽感染棘球蚴情况调查分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2018
, 29(3)
: 235
-238
.
DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.004
Objective To investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis in wild small mammals and to provide baseline data for its effective control and prevention. Methods The tools of clip traps or rope loops were used for trapping the small mammals at Shiqu county, Sichuan province, and then the captured animals were dissected to inspect the infections. SPSS 17.0 and ArcGIS10.1 softwares were applied to analyze the data and address the spatial distribution analysis. Results A total of 4 054 small mammals were collected with an average captured rate of 10.21% (4 054/39 720). The average density of small mammals was 188.56/hm2, and the average prevalence of echinococcosis was 4.93% (200/4 054). There were 2 232 plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), 1 792 Qinghai voles (Lasiopodomys fuscus)and 30 Tibetan hamsters (Cricetulus kamensis) among all the captured small mammals. The density of plateau pika population and its prevalence of echinococcosis were significantly higher than those of Qinghai voles (t=2.920, P=0.004; χ2=25.652, P=0.000). The density of small mammals (213.28/hm2)in summer pastures was significantly higher than that in winter pastures (158.77/hm) (t=4.340, P=0.000), and the infection rate in Qinghai voles in winter pastures (4.69%)was significantly higher than that in summer pastures (2.62%) (χ2=4.061, P=0.044). Following different months (April, June, August, October), the infection rates in plateau pika and Qinghai voles were rapidly increased (χtrend2=12.109, P=0.000; χtrend2=3.415, P=0.038). Conclusion The small mammals with echinococcosis in Shiqu county are mainly plateau pika and Qinghai vole. And they are widely distributed with heavy density and high prevalence of echinococcosis. Effective control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of transmission of alveolar echinococcosis.
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