目的 调查和了解武汉市居民区、特殊行业及农村自然村3种生境中鼠类种群动态及多样性特征，为病媒生物防制工作提供理论基础。方法 2006－2014年应用夹夜法定期对武汉市居民区、特殊行业及农村自然村3种生境中鼠类进行监测取样，所获数据运用统计学方法进行分析。结果 2006－2014年共捕获鼠类967只，隶属1科2属4种。其中个体数量以褐家鼠最多，占39.7%，黄胸鼠次之，占37.6%。农村自然村和特殊行业的鼠类密度季节消长规律较明显，主要高峰期出现在每年的3月和9月。农村自然村鼠类物种丰富度指数高于居民区和特殊行业，多样性指数农村自然村最高（0.993 0），特殊行业（0.684 5）次之，居民区最低（0.645 5）；3种生境鼠类群落的相似性指数较高，相互为中等相似或以上。结论 农村自然村的鼠类物种丰富度及多样性指数高于居民区和特殊行业，3种生境之间相似性较高。

Objective To provide scientific data for rodent control in Wuhan, we studied the population dynamics of rodents in three habitat types (residential areas, special industries, and rural villages) from January 2006 to December 2014. Methods We used night trapping method to collect mouse periodically, the data obtained was analyzed by statistical methods. Results The number of specimens we collected were 967, during 2006 to 2014. These samples belong to 1 family, 2 genera and 4 species. The predominant species was sewer rat Rattus norvegicus (39.7%), followed by R. tanezumi (37.6%). The seasonal variation of rats in rural villages and special industries was obvious, the peak mainly happened in March and September. Species richness in rural villages was higher than in urban residential areas and special industries, the diversity index of rats in rural villages was the highest (0.993 0), followed by that in special industries (0.684 5), was lowest in residential areas (0.645 5). The similarity of the 3 habitat types was high, and similar to each other. Conclusion Findings in the current paper were the basic characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution and species diversity in three habitat types in Wuhan.