目的 探讨广州市重点媒介传染病流行病学特征, 为媒介传染病防控提供科学依据。方法 从国家疾病监测信息报告管理信息系统中收集广州市2006－2012年重点媒介传染病报告病例基本信息以及个案调查流行病学信息, 用描述性流行病学方法分析广州市重点媒介传染病的流行病学特征。结果 2006－2012年, 广州市共报告6种媒介传染病5828例, 其中肾综合征出血热(HFRS)、登革热、钩端螺旋体(钩体)病、疟疾、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)和恙虫病年平均发病率分别为1.01 /10万、1.37/10万、0.10/10万、0.18/10万、0.02 /10万和4.72/10万。登革热和恙虫病发病季节性特征明显, 中心城区HFRS和登革热发病构成比较大, 钩体病、疟疾、乙脑和恙虫病发病以城乡结合部和农村区域为主, 除乙脑发病以儿童为主外, 其余各媒介传染病发病职业分布广泛, 年龄以中老年为主。结论 广州市媒介传染病发病整体相对平稳, 但近年来有小幅上升趋势, 发病风险仍然存在, 应加强监测和预防控制工作。
Objective To determine the epidemiological features of major vector?borne diseases from 2006 to 2012 in Guangzhou, China and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of vector?borne diseases. Methods The basic information of cases of major vector?borne diseases reported in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2012, as well as the epidemiological information of surveyed cases, was collected from the National Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological features of major vector?borne diseases in Guangzhou. Results A total of 5828 cases of six vector?borne diseases were reported from 2006 to 2012 in Guangzhou. The average annual incidence rates of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), dengue fever, leptospirosis, malaria, Japanese encephalitis (JE), and scrub typhus were 1.01/100 000, 1.37/100 000, 0.10/100 000, 0.18/100 000, 0.02/100 000, and 4.72/100 000, respectively. The incidence of dengue fever and scrub typhus had marked seasonal characteristics. HFRS and dengue fever were mainly incident in the central urban area, while leptospirosis, malaria, JE, and scrub typhus occurred mainly in the suburban and rural areas. JE occurred mainly in children, while other vector?borne diseases had a wide occupational distribution and were mainly seen in the middle?aged and elderly. Conclusion The incidence of vector?borne diseases in Guangzhou was relatively stable, but with a slight upward trend in recent years, and the risk still exists. The surveillance and control of vector?borne diseases should be strengthened.
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