目的 了解和掌握北京市蚊虫密度监测情况, 分析不同环境蚊虫孳生变化趋势, 为城市蚊虫防制提供科学依据。方法 成蚊密度监测采用二氧化碳诱蚊灯法和诱蚊诱卵器法, 蚊幼虫密度监测大型水体采用勺捕法, 小型积水(容器)采用吸管法。结果 北京市2010－2012年共捕获成蚊37 603只, 其中淡色库蚊为优势种, 占捕蚊总数的95.26%, 其次是白纹伊蚊占4.62%;季节消长曲线显示, 成蚊密度高峰期为7－8月;不同环境中公园绿地成蚊密度最高, 其他依次是居民区、医院和旅游景点。蚊幼虫季节消长曲线显示, 大型水体和小型积水(容器)蚊幼虫密度高峰期均为6－7月;不同环境中居民区蚊幼虫阳性率最高, 其他依次为建筑工地、下水道和大型水体。结论 蚊虫密度监测结果和季节消长变化趋势可有效指导城市蚊虫防制, 同时应关注蚊幼虫孳生地和密度变化情况, 并将蚊密度结果和蚊媒传染病进行关联分析, 为城市蚊虫和蚊媒病的防制提供科学依据。
Objective To evaluate the mosquito density in Beijing and analyze the trends of mosquito breeding in different environments and to provide a scientific basis for urban mosquito control. Methods The adult mosquito density was monitored using carbon dioxide mosquito lamp and mosquito-oviposition trap, while the larval mosquito density was monitored by spoon method for large bodies of water and pipette method for small volumes of water (in containers). Results From 2010 to 2012, a total of 37 603 adult mosquitoes were captured in Beijing, where Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species, accounting for 95.26% of all mosquitoes, followed by Aedes albopictus, accounting for 4.62%; the seasonal fluctuation curve showed that the peak of adult mosquito density appeared from July to August; the adult mosquito density was the highest in the park green lands, followed by residential areas, hospitals, and tourist attractions. The seasonal fluctuation curve for mosquito larvae showed that the peak of larval mosquito density appeared from June to July for both large bodies of water and small volumes of water (in containers); the positive rate of mosquito larvae was the highest in residential areas, followed by construction sites, sewers, and large bodies of water. Conclusion The surveillance Results of mosquito density and the trends of its seasonal fluctuation can provide effective guidance for urban mosquito control; attention should also be paid to the breeding places and density changes of mosquito larvae, and the association of mosquito density with mosquito borne diseases should be analyzed, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in urban areas.
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