中国媒介生物学及控制杂志

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北京林区蜱类及鼠类调查

李建民1;曹务春1;张习坦1;吴晓明1;董振英2;赵秋敏1;杨红1   

  1. 1军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所 北京100071;2北京市疾病预防控制中心
  • 出版日期:2002-06-20 发布日期:2002-06-20

Investigation on Ticks and Mice in Forest Areas of Beijing,China

LI Jian-min; CAO Wu-chun; ZHANG Xi-tan; et al   

  1. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 00071,China
  • Online:2002-06-20 Published:2002-06-20

摘要: 目的:2000年4~10月对北京部分林区进行了设点调查,了解不同调查点蜱和鼠的组成、密度、优势种、季节消长。方法:用布旗法采集游离蜱,用夹日法捕获野鼠。结果:采集游离蜱1608只,分属长角血蜱、嗜群血蜱、森林革蜱;从野鼠体表捡获寄生蜱14只,其中8只全沟硬蜱,6只血红扇头蜱。长角血蜱为优势蜱种,占捕获蜱数的77.3%。除怀柔青龙峡外,各调查点均以长角血蜱为优势种,占捕获蜱数的70%以上。怀柔汤河口蜱于4~9月活动,在5月下旬出现高峰,7月上旬出现次高峰;房山区十渡蜱于4月下旬至10月活动,分别在6月下旬和7月下旬出现高峰和次高峰。夹日法捕获8种野鼠共87只,捕鼠率为2.42%(87/3600),社鼠占的比例最高,为46%。结论:不同调查点蜱和鼠的组成、密度、季节变化不同,这可能与调查点的生境有关。本次调查共发现5种硬蜱和8种野鼠,它们可能在某些蜱传疾病的形成、维持和传播中起着重要作用。

关键词: 蜱类, 鼠类, 北京林区

Abstract: ObjectiveThe investigation was conducted from April to October in 2000 in several forest areas of Beijing,the object of which is to know of the density,constitution,seasonal fluctuation and predominant species of ticks and mice for further appreciating the risk to the people health.MethodsFree ticks were collected by dragging a blanket over the vegetation on the ground and field mice were captured with mousetrap everyday.Results1 608 free ticks were collected,including H.longicorni,H.concinna and D.silvarum,14 parasite ticks were also collected from mice bodies,including 8 I.persulcatus and 6 R.sanguineus. H.longicornis was found as the predominant species,accounting for more than 77.3% of the total number of collected ticks.In addition to Qinglongxia Valley of Huairou County,H.longicorni was found the predominant species,accounting for over 70%.Ticks were active from April to September in Tanghekou of Huairou County.The peak appears in the last ten-day period of May and the secondary peak appears in the last ten-day period of July.Whereas in Shidu of Fangshan district,the discrepancies of tick and mouse species,density and proportion may be related to the ecological environment of the different sites.Ticks were active from the last ten day period of April to October the peak and the secondary peak appear in the last ten day period of May and July respectively.87 mice belonging to 8 species were captured of which,the ratio of Rattus confucianus is the highest,accounting for 46%.Conclusion5 species of ticks and 8 species of mice were collected from forest areas of Beijing.They may play an important role in developing,maintaining and transmitting tick-borne diseases.